Fahrenheit 451 Essay Example for Free

Fahrenheit 451 EssayMildred Montag is the prime example of a conformist in the dystopian club family portrayed in Ray Bradburys book, Fahrenheit 451. She thinks in the simplistic manner that nation want her are conditioned to, and shes married to a fireman, who extends the largely chief(prenominal) role of burning books in this society. She spends her days watching the television screens in the parlor and her nights with Seashell Radios buzzing in her ears. At first glance, her support of all play and no work might seem relaxing and blissful. However, it neverthelesstually comes to mind that all of her bliss is derived from her use of technology in order to escape from reality. eve then, it will become apparent that Mildred is not actually blind to reality and that her happy disposition is fabricated. Mildreds behavior, considered to be normal in her society, is no different from that of a self-destructive addict in ours. Her favorite pastime is to sit in the parlor and s pend time with what she claims to be her family, but is really just a bunch of characters from the programs she watches.A description of what was shown on the screen during one of the programs was as follows Abruptly the room took off on a rocket flight into the clouds, it plunged into a lime-green sea where blue fish ate red and yellow fish. (pg. 94). Such colorful and spontaneous effects are much like what many people in our society claim to experience under the influence of hallucinogens, which coincidentally are the types of drugs that are notorious for having the ability to make a person fall behind all sense of reality.Mildred exhibits a residence of addiction when Guy, while he is sick in bed, asks her to lower the volume in the parlor, and she responds by leaving the room, doing zip to the parlor and coming back. (pg. 49). This shows that she cares more about a piece of technology than about the welfare of her own husband. Likewise, in modern-day society, addictions ten d to practically take everywhere the entire lives of people who suffer from them, thus driving the addicts to sacrifice connections with their friends and families in order to satisfy their cravings for whatever it is that they are addicted to.It is also mentioned that Mildred occasionally likes to parkway around at night, at dangerously high speeds just to feel a rush or a temporary high. Generally, people are believed to doctor to such methods of addictive behavior when they feel that they are unable to enjoy a normal life. Reasonably enough, the reality that Mildred tries to escape is indeed dull, empty, and unenjoyable. She depends upon her addictions to help her overgorge up the void, as is depicted literally when she receives the endoscopic treatment after her overdose at the beginning of the book.As it says, Go on, anyway, shove the bore down, splatter up the emptiness, if such a thing could be brought out in the throb of the suction snake. (pgs. 14-15). In this situati on, the drugs serve as the technology she utilizes in an plan of attack to make a physical escape from the life she leads, and once the operators extract those drugs from her body, there is nothing left inside, save perhaps emptiness. The line mentioned could either be stating the fact that emptiness is intangible and cannot be taken out, or hinting that emptiness itself wasnt even there to be removed in the first place.On a similar note, Mildred overindulges in technology because her life would be utterly meaningless without it. As if it werent significant enough, the very fact that Mildred attempts suicide is a solid sign that she does not have anything she feels is worth living for. That being said, just from the knowledge that Mildred makes an effort to escape from reality, one can derive that she has to have a authentic level of awareness as to the existence of what it is she tries so hard to separate herself from.She believes that by not acknowledging this awareness, she wil l be able to fully convince herself that her subject matter of escape is her reality. For instance, when Guy tries to convince her that books may add meaning to their lives, she argues that books arent people and that her family is people. (pg. 73). However, when Guy asks her if her family loves her with all their heart and soul, (pg. 77) she is at a loss for words. Much like what happens when Clarisse asks Guy whether or not he is happy, this question forces Mildred to think strictly about what is real.It reminds her that deep down, she knows that her family consists of fictional characters who cannot harbor real emotions and thus, cannot requite her love for them. This is constituent of the awareness that she refuses to acknowledge, and she is stunned when Guys question catches her in her disguise. Unfortunately, she does not accept that she has a problem and proceeds to change the subject in response to his question. Towards the end of the book, when Mildred leaves the house a s the firemen arrive to burn it, it can be inferred that technology does not have the effect on her that she desires, and that it cannot save her from her reality.One can recall that in front in the story, an old woman chooses to stay in her house and burn along with her books, causing Guy to realize that books can help people to beget in their lives a meaning that does not exist in his or Mildreds. Mildred does not stay to burn with the parlor that she makes such a big bring out of throughout the course of the book. In this way, she inadvertently proves that the parlor and the other forms of technology she attaches herself to, do not provide her life with any real meaning.Mildred is initially unhappy because she subconsciously wants her life to be meaningful, and it is not. She may not be aware of that specific problem, but there is no denying her awareness that something about her life makes her feel unsatisfied. Instead of acknowledging her problems and facing them head-on the way her husband deals with his, she tries to smother her negative emotions by resorting to physically and mentally unhealthy behavior in a futile attempt to run away from the reality which contains her problems.As her actions can only allow her to reach temporary highs and reality is something that will never disintegrate, it is out(predicate) for her to achieve what she desires by means of the methods she uses. These problems merge to spiral her into a constant routine of highs and crashes all the while, her initial problem never gets taken care of. As a result, she feels even more trapped in this seemingly endless cycle, and her efforts to make herself blind to reality only prolong her agony and make her even more unhappy in the long run.

Epistemology - Cognition Essay Example for Free

Epistemology Cognition EssayI have make that such an object has invariably been attended with such an effect, and I fore carry out, that some other objects, which are, in appearance, similar, will be attended with similar effects. This foretells that with fellowship, our club may be able to associate a certain aspect/ level with an object, plainly that does non necessarily mean it will always happen. Therefore, Hume, who starts out as an empiricist, has arrived at the conclusion where an exclusive may not have fellowship at all, of deist doubt. This is explored through and through the three epistemology questions, the process he did take, and what the reader thinks on the matter. According to Hume, with his process of thought with sensualism, thinks knowledge is possible. He believed that all knowledge about the introduction comes through start. The confine of consciousness are what he calls perceptions. include our original generates impressions sense entropy internal orb composed of the contents of our psychological experiences also include what he calls ideas, or the contents of our memories and imagination.With this approach to whether knowledge is possible, it is clear that he thinks knowledge is possible through experience through real experiences, sense data, psychological experiences and ideas. It states that champion does not have innate ideas with us such as our senses or emotions, that an individual must experience these actions maiden in order to recognize what they must be. If genius does not experience such actions, they are what he calls ideas, the copies of them impressions (The Search for Knowledge 69). He also states that, We kitty deny any matter of fact without falling into a logical contradiction.The fact that we feel confident about certain facts of the world is merely the depart of our expectations, which are brutald on past experience (The Search for Knowledge 70). This theory is called Humes Fork, where i t is between the relation of an idea and a matter of a fact. This says that society may be sure about our surroundings, but they are not certain. Ideas do not tell us anything about the world, but wholly our thoughts of what they may be, and matters of facts are knowledge per say, but are not always certain as well. Basically, it shows that one cannot be certain of the world around us, as it may change.With the question of the role of reason within the possibility of knowledge, he believes that, We can learn nothing about what lies outside the subjective contents found within our experiences. (The Search for Knowledge 71), in that respectfore reason cannot be established as the primary source of knowledge. He clarifies his reasoning with the principle of induction and the unanimity of nature. The principle of induction is canonically assuming that, for example, since the sun has risen yesterday, it shall rise today and rise tomorrow. Society makes the connection that when an ev ent occurs more than once one will believe that it shall again happen.The uniformity of nature is where the belief of the laws of nature will continue to commence, therefore it should be still commencing in days to come. another(prenominal) way he delivers this statement is through the theory of being constantly conjoined. He states that, Causes and effects are distinct events (The Search for Knowledge 73). It can be said that when do an action, there is an equal consequence that follows. If you take the example of where you light up a candle with a match, and consequently touch the flame, you experience a burning sensation where you have touched said flame.If one repeats this process, one comes to the conclusion that since this has happened in the past, it will most likely be the same(p) or similar in the future. With the third epistemology question of whether reality is represented as it really is, he declares that, The only certainty we can have concerns the relationships of our ideas. precisely since these judgments concern only the realm of ideas, they do not tell us about the external world (The Search for Knowledge 78). As a result, one can determine that reality cannot be represented as it really is due to the fact that one cannot gain any knowledge from the outside world from our ideas.Ergo, in the world, a person may experience objects such as desks, but this person is uncertain if they are connected to an external world. Hume raises that, Impressions are always data that are internal hence we have no data about what is external (The Search for Knowledge 75). It clarifies his reasoning that society believes that they live in an external world, or that there may be one, but one does not have sufficient explanation as to why this is true. As well, an individual must also question the fact of the self. Hume affirms that, If all we can know are sensory impressions or ourinternal psychological states, then we can neer experience the self (The Search f or Knowledge 76). With this in mind, people are certain that they cannot experience a self because it is not a true experience such as a color, which can be experienced. There is no groundwork for experiencing the self, as all one has are beliefs, assumptions and ideas, which are never certain. In a few words, Hume is specifying that as a person, one cannot step outside our bodies to see ourselves that a person can only believe that there is a self.Going back to where knowledge is possible, in the beginning, Hume does believe knowledge is possible with perceptions and impressions. With his thought process, the reader can determine that he has progressed from the thought process of empiricism to skeptic doubt and skepticism, questioning if society has knowledge at all. He believes that in the start, society has knowledge through what he calls perceptions which consists of the senses, the memory and the psychological states. Overall, society must have experiences if it has developed these sources of knowledge.This in turn concludes that an individual can have knowledge through experience. Since Hume believes that this is the only knowledge an individual can have, he comes to the realization where, If all we know are the contents of experience, how can we know anything about what lies outside our experience? (The Search for Knowledge 70-71). This expresses that one cannot have knowledge, since the foundation he has set is only for our internal thoughts. From this, he describes his thought process of skeptic doubt through causal relations and knowledge of the outside world and self.This clarifies that a person can believe something will always happen but is never certain (causal), and stating that they cannot step outside the world they have created to see what will happen outside of such (external world and self). The reader must have an assessment on the matter of Humes empiricism and his process towards skeptic doubt. Dealing with Humes empiricism, I believe that his thought process is very vague and has various doubts of its own. The idea of perceptions cannot be knowledge to begin with, because it is what we have and think, but does not necessarily mean other people in society think this same way as well.Therefore, he has already led himself into skepticism, because he cannot explain thoroughly why this is knowledge. What he explains as experience, which is where we obtain this knowledge, is unsatisfactory because the experience he says is mostly reasoning such as sense data and psychological states. For that reason, his thought process in the beginning can also be confused with rationalism, since most of what he verbalizes is knowledge that can only be discovered through reasoning and not experience.Looking at his progression towards skepticism, he believes that we cannot have knowledge because all that we have is our internal world to base our beliefs on. It is shown that through the principle of induction and the uniformity of natu re, we will have the reoccurring thought that, The future will be like the past (The Search for Knowledge 71). With this basic in mind, we are automatically assuming every event that happens in our lives will happen or not happen again, because of past experiences.With this amount of information, it is not sufficient enough to say that we always be certain it will again happen. It all comes back to the fact that since we only have our world to experience, and since there is no way to step outside and look at the external world or the self, we are never certain of anything. Hence, we have no knowledge at all because knowledge is classified as true, justified belief and our ideas and thoughts are not. This is a strong case, and therefore, I believe with his knowledge towards skepticism, but I do not necessarily believe in skepticism.Beyond a shadow of a doubt, Hume has answered the three epistemological questions with very strong points first as an empiricist, who then leads to a skep tic. Overall, the opinion of the reader is satisfied, because even though Hume has a very doubtful thought process of empiricism with the idea of perceptions and ideas, he then breaks down his theory with the fact that this so-called knowledge is the only source of knowledge an individual can possibly have, therefore it is not knowledge. Knowledge is deserving nothing unless you can practice it.

Issues in Distributed Computing

Issues in Distributed ComputingIntroductionDistributed computing empowers profoundly versatile administrations to be effortlessly expended over the Internet on an as-required premise. A documentary peculiarity of the cloud administrations is that clients information atomic number 18 generally prepared remotely in obscure machines that clients dont possess or work. While appreciating the comfort brought by this cutting rising innovation, clients apprehensions of losing arrest of their own information can turn into a noneworthy obstruction to the wide reception of cloud administrations. To address this issue, here, we propose a novel profoundly decentralized data responsibility system to stay informed concerning the real use of the clients information in the cloud. Specifically, we propose an item cerebrate approach that empowers encasing our put down component to ariseher with clients information and approaches.1.1 IntroductionDistributed computing displays another approach to supplement the current utilization and conveyance model for IT administrations rivet around the Internet, by accommodating rapidly adaptable and frequently virtualized assets as an issue over the Internet. To date, there are various outstanding business and undivided distributed computing administrations, including Amazon, Google, Microsoft, Yahoo, and Sales power. Points of interest of the administrations gave are dreamy from the clients who no more need to be specialists of innovation framework. In addition, clients may not know the machines which rightfully process and host their information. While appreciating the comfort brought by this new engineering, clients likewise begin agonizing over losing control of their own information. The information handled on mists are regularly outsourced, prompting various issues identified with responsibility, including the treatment of by and by identifiable data. Such reasons for terror are turning into a critical limit to the wide appr opriation of cloud administrations. To mollify clients worries, it is fundamental to give a viable instrument to clients to screen the use of their information in the cloud. For instance, clients need to engage the capacity to guarantee that their information are taken caution of as per the administration level understandings set aside a few minutes they family on for administrations in the cloud. Customary chafe control methodologies produced for shut spaces, for example, databases and working frameworks, or methodologies utilizing an incorporated server as a part of conveyed situations, are not suitable, because of the accompanying peculiarities describing cloud situations. To begin with, information taking care of can be outsourced by the immediate cloud administration supplier (CSP) to different substances in the cloud and theories elements can likewise designate the errands to others, etc. Second, elements are permitted to join and leave the cloud in an adaptable way. As an issue, information taking care of in the cloud experiences an unpredictable and element various leveled administration chain which does not exist in ordinary situations.To beat the above issues, we propose a novel methodology, specifically Cloud Information Account susceptibility (CIA) structure, in view of the thought of data responsibility. Dissimilar to security insurance innovations which are based on the conceal it-or-lose-it point of view, data responsibility concentrates on keeping the information utilization straightforward and trackable. Our proposed CIA structure gives end-to-end responsibility in an exceedingly disseminated style. unmatchable of the fundamental imaginative peculiarities of the CIA system lies in its capacity of keeping up lightweight and effective responsibility that joins parts of access control, use control and validation. By method for the CIA, information holders can track not just whether the administration level as moveions are generally respected , additionally uphold access and utilization control manages as required. Connected with the responsibility characteristic, we likewise create two different modes for evaluating push mode and draw mode. The push mode alludes to logs being occasionally sent to the information holder or stakeholder while the draw mode alludes to an option approach where by the client (or an alternate approved gathering) can recover the logs as required.The outline of the CIA system presents significant difficulties, including extraordinarily recognizing Csps, guaranteeing the unwavering quality of the log, adjusting to an exceedingly decentralized framework, and so forth. Our essential methodology to tending to these issues is to influence and expand the programmable ability of JAR (Java Archives) records to consequently log the use of the clients information by any element in the cloud. Clients will send their information alongside any strategies, for example, access control approaches and logging ar rangements that they need to authorize, encased in JAR records, to cloud administration suppliers. Any right to gain entrance to the information will propel a computerized and verified logging system neighborhood to the Jars. We allude to this sort of requirement as comforting tying since the strategies and the logging system go with the information. This solid tying exists actually when duplicates of the Jars are made therefore, the client will have control over his information at any area. Such decentralized logging component meets the element nature of the cloud additionally forces challenges on guaranteeing the honesty of the logging. To adapt to this issue, we give the Jars an essential issue of strive which structures a connection in the middle of them and the client. It records the slip redress data sent by the Jars, which permits it to screen the loss of any logs from any of the Jars. Besides, if a JAR is not ready to contact its main issue, any right to gain entrance to its encased information will be denied.1.2 Problem FormulationDistributed computing empowers a client to get to figuring assets over web. A significant gimmick of the cloud administrations is that clients information is prepared remotely in obscure machines that clients dont claim. As it is over web, clients have alarm of losing control over their information. This is the significant issue with cloud administrations. The information transformed on mists are frequently outsourced, prompting various issues identified with responsibility, including the treatment of by and by identifiable data. Such apprehensions are turning into a critical boundary to the wide appropriation of cloud administrations.1.3 Objective of the undertakingProtection federal agency advances which are based on the shroud it-or-lose-it point of view, so Information Accountability concentrates on keeping the information use straightforward and trackable. So CIA knock against work gives end-to-end responsibility i n an exceptionally disseminated style. We give log documents to ensure clients information from obscure clients.

Foundation: Myths Of Rome

Foundation Myths Of RomeAlthough the foundation of Rome can non be traced back using scholarly articles kind of archaeological records have been apply to provide immense data using settlements, religious sites and material dated back to the foundation of Rome. We have retrospective accounts from Livy and Virgil.The control of Augustus was a cartridge holder that use the foundation figments and the retelling of them to unify Rome due to the fragmented state that Rome was in after the civil wars.The use of the myths was apply to unify Rome as one and to relate to the people that they all had and have common origins. By doing this Augustus was using myth to promote a message, not only of political union but of a union that the people originated from one beginning, to further drive this point he built statues of much nobility and restored the hut of Romulus.Romulus and Aeneas in his imperial beard imagery for instance, he erected statues of these figures in his new imperial Forum, and ostentatiously restored the thatched hut of Romulus on the Palatine after it was destroyed by fire.(Block 2 Page 108)By retelling the foundation myth stories Augustus was appealing to the moral side of the peoples nature by suggesting that all of Rome should be in bingle and that tradition should be remembered and recognised. He was billing himself as Romes second founder hoping to unify Rome in a more peaceful age.In my persuasion this is most definitely a use of myth for moral messages and perhaps a way to control the people in his hold.In some of the accounts written by Livy, whom is thought to be a friend of Augustus but standardizedwise a truthful person, it states thatLivys writing does reveal that he was an advocate of the morality associated with the papistic republic. At the same time, however, he was frequently optimistic about the new imperial era.(Block 2 page 110)Perhaps also Livy is a t sourician, while supporting his friend Augustus his scepticism of the s uper natural elements and of the foundation myths of Rome, are evident for he suggests that the wolf that suckled Romulus and Remus was in fact a prostitute with the cognomen of wolf. However Livy in his accounts of myth does show recognition and makes use of some mythical characters such as Aeneas, Romulus and Remus.Augustus used many of the writings from the accounts of Livy including the curule chair and the royal boarded toga to promote a unified Rome for example. On the reverse of a coin it showed Augustus with the inscription reading,He restored the laws and rights of the Roman people.(Block 2 Page 112)This is another notification of how Augustus used myth supported by the writings of Livy to unify Rome. The inscription on the coin represents this and refers to all Roman people.Neros use of mythNero in his reign was a great entertainer and I am certain used myth as a vehicle for communication with the people of Rome. Nero was using the characters to project the parallels a mongst him and his power as an emperor of Rome and perhaps to influence how he was thought of. This is exemplified in the reference of Suetonius were he writes of Nero singing of the myth of Niobe to link him with the god Apollo.Nero planned to rule by following the example of Augustus so Nero was therefore following the close association that Augustus had with Apollo. This would also help us to understand that myth was being reused to keep the morality and belonging of the Roman people unified. Nero also associated himself with another god Sol by having images of him pictured in a radiate cr let which would show the link to Sol.Being seen by the people of Rome was important for a ruler, and, without mass media, public events were always a stage for the emperor moth how an emperor behaved in front of and toward the crowd enabled a dialogue amongst rulers and ruled. Nero wanted the people to see him as a god and used the similarities of himself and Apollo to acquire peace. Even in official coinery Nero can been seen akin to Apollo in the way he is presented as Apollo Citharoedus, advancing right in flying robes, playing lyre which he did often.Nero justified his own singing by observing that singing is sacred to Apollo (Primary Source 2.6, p. 39).(Block 2 page 143)In the reign of Nero even the Elite were do to perform and this perhaps allied Nero with the lower classes of Rome and granted him to reach further to masses and become more popular. Nero used myth as an entertainment nib and would use themes of tragedies to perform to. It has been noted that Suetonius recorded Nero being involved in the ballets about the Minotaur, Daedalus and Icarus. He would sing about Niobe.Many of the rulers of Rome have used myth for different ends, in the case of Augustus he wanted to unify Rome and improve the strength of the empire by using myth to pass by of the origins of Rome by unifying the people the empire would be stronger.Nero in comparison was so taken up wi th the theatre and performing that he used it as a vehicle to promote himself to all of Rome, some believed he was claiming a god like status through the death penalty of myth and the end product of relics depicting him as the gods Apollo or Sol.Flavian AmphitheatreThe Amphitheatre was an in important stage for myth and by using the amphitheatre as a performance arena myth was able to reach wider earreachs. The players in the arena would impersonate characters from myth although in some circumstances the endings to the myths may be dramatised to entertain the audience. The audience would have to have prior knowledge of myths to identify characters from their props, such as Juno characterised by holding a diadem and sceptre. This meant that it was no only the elite that were certain of the myths but most of society.Political and Moral use of mythIt is known that Rome was decorated elaborately with temples, pictures, buildings and statues. This decoration was often dedicated to th e gods and myths. It is shown myth was not only understood by the elite but by the all Romans as they were encompassed by all this imagery even in as distant as the very coinage that they carried in their pockets.It is clear from the findings of many a signet ring, and images of the gods expressed in many ways in the guise of Emperors, that these rings could also be significant indicators of political allegiance to the Gods and therefore the Emperors who were represented as them. Therefore it is likely that political allegiance and indistinguishability were also bringd through the strong point of myth.It has been stated that at heart of most political points are rhetoric, myth and symbolism. This will only work if myth is believed and can be a draw of unrest if the general public have access to other sources of information. Myths are a source of propaganda still used and allied with todayA derive of the myths were rewritten in Augustuss reign and this could be why he used them to help retell the myths and stories in a way that would support him throughout his reign, because at this time it was a time period in which there was a great unrest and war in Rome. By focussing on the concept of the origins of Rome this would optimistically allow for the conflicts to dispel and develop into a unified peaceful focus for an integrated Rome.It needs also to be noted that the writings by Livy from the period of the rein of Augustus, do not all lend themselves to support Augustus and all of his ideals.From the view of Livy he interpreted the rape of the Sabine women as a politically motivated attack, a way to increase the population of Rome because they did not have women folk so the women had a dedicated use being that of reproduction. This act also cemented the relationship the Sabine villages in time after the attack, because now their daughter had offspring that were Roman and Sabine and the women acted as political mediators between both(prenominal) sides resul ting in a combined relationship and an extension t the Roman Empire.Myth has been woven into to political life and it was a vehicle of communication between ruler and subjects. Theatrical performances that linked myth to the reality of contemporary life allowed stories to be a method of communicating with the public. The all important image to that of an Emperor was signified in many ways by having statues built of themselves in poses and with props that were representative of Gods.Myth at homeThe representation of myths in Villas echoed that of the imperial Rome, the example of the Roman Villa decorated highly with images taken from myth. It seems that myths had an importance to the Roman people because they are pictured on very mundane items as well up as the precious, from wall paintings, pottery and silverware to combs and other everyday items.Myth is referred to in epitaphs and funerary monuments from the rich to the poor although it is not a claim to be a God it does show the widespread use of myth and how important it was to people of Rome. Myths were symbols for people to associate themselves with and present their knowledge beliefs and their own identity.ConclusionMyths were used to communicate moral and political messages but they were also retold for entertainment purposes. It is evident that rulers used myth to try and establish some type of hold and control everyplace society. The Emperors wanted and needed to have a united Rome and used myth to retell of a time of greatness. By relating to myth the rulers are establishing an identity with myth and the ideology that is presented in a story form, this then increases a persons awareness of the correct way to behave or to warn of consequences should they behave like the characters in the myths. Although the use of myth appears to be very wide spread I believe that rulers would use the stories and adapt them to fit their own purpose, by doing this it would allow a firm control of the people from bot h a political and moral standing.The Romans appeared to have been surrounded by myth because it was displayed in many forms from statues and monuments created by the emperors to the items of pottery that would be used in many houses. It was used as propaganda allowing for each ruler to place their own interpretation and spin depending on their own needs and requirements. The evidence that shows how important myth was to the Romans and still exists in funerary monuments and the use of myth has provided a tool for rulers to use as a mediocre to deploy messages to their subjects, due to their beliefs, significance and meaning to Roman people.(Word Count 1954)

Sainsburys Company Analysis

Sainsburys Company AnalysisThe food selling Industry is a huge and fast growing industry in UK .It is a complex and diverse foodstuff dominated by various big companies such as Tesco, ASDA, J Sainsburys. Price and quality of goods are the two trace elements which the companies keep in mind to increase their sales and defend their position in this matched market. In the category 2009, food retailing recorded sales figures of GBP 297,478.9 million, along with providing employment to 11.6% of the workforce in UK (Euro monitor). It is forecasted, by the year 2014 the sales would cross GBP 350,000 million. (Euro monitor)This assignment accentes on the third largest food retail merchant hive away in UK, i.e. J Sainsbury.Sainsbury is a super market which will operates its traffic in retail sector from the year1869. Sainsbury is started by James and Mary Ann Sainsburys. Sainsbury to day metre operates a total of 827 stores comprising 537 supermarkets and 335 convenience stores(J Sa insbury 2010) .With their presence in various other markets such as financial services and Property management, grocery retailing stiff their middle channel. In an industry which employs over 3,335,000 people and with sales figure of GBP 137,590 million (Euro Monitor), Sainsbury enjoys a market share of 16% and serving 19 million guests hebdomadary with a fruit offering of 30,000. (J Sainsbury 2010)QUESTION-1 Using suitable models identify the client perceived treasure for the customers for a product/division/ play along of your choice.ANSWER-PART 1Customer economic valueDifference between what acustomersgets from aproduct, and what he or she has to give inorderto get it.http//www.businessdictionary.com/definition/customer-value.htmlixzz16OyFiRFrCustomer value offerAbusinessor marketing averment that summarizes why a consumer should purchase a product or use a service. This command should convince a potential consumer thatone particularproduct or service will add morevalu e or better exonerate a problem than other similar offerings.http//www.investopedia.com/terms/v/valueproposition.aspTypes of CVP1. All Benefits- benefits that an organization brings to its target customers. It tends to suffer from a lack of credibility when the value proposition is not distinguished from competitors or rivet precisely on the unique ask of the customer.2. Favourable Points of Differentiation- it master(prenominal)ly emphasizes the key differences between a firms offerings and those of competitors at the customer interface. It takes into account the notion that the buyer has substitutes. Like the completely benefits value proposition it lacks specializedity relative to the buyer.3. Resonating Focus- Resonating focus juicylights one or two diminutive differences between the firms offerings and those of competitors with the forethought that these differences represent those areas that are most vital in the mind of the customer. While most effective, this value p roposition takes considerable time to divulge as it is strongly rooted in a deep understanding of customer necessarily.http//www.edbarrows.com/Resources/briefs/valueProposition.pdfIMPORTANCE OF CUSTOMER VALUEA good customer value proposition is a technique why a customer should buy a product and excessively distinguish your product from competitors. Gaining a customers tending will patron in growing sales faster and more profitable, as well as increasing its market share. Understanding customer needs is important because it helps promote the product. A brand is the perception of a product or service that is designed to stay in the minds of targeted consumers. It is desirable to build a strong and positive brand association with your offering.Three key dimensionsExtrinsic vs. intrinsic valueSelf-orientated vs. other-orientated valueActive vs. reactive valuePART 2VALUE PROPOSITION FOR SAINSBURYSainsbury maintain high quality of its services by keeping up high quality product at a fresh damage, through well-kept rooms with an attractive appearance to fast service and a friendly staff. Sainsbury ensures that all suppliers have been evaluated by Quality Attribute constitution (QAS) in order to provide quality product to the customer. It has several(predicate) prices which are suited to opposite kinds of customer. Through the execution of high quality product Sainsbury has high price. However to adjust to the needs of less wealthy clients it also offers a wide selection of basic product at a low price. Sainsbury rush along is moderately-high. Sainsbury team is trying to reduce queues through recent introduction of basket tills, self-checkouts as well as introduction of newest scan and pack system. Sainsbury also offers sign delivery which can be obtained the very next day. Dependability is keeping a word to customers. Sainsbury provides customers quality product at a fair prices, fulfilling customer expectation for fresh, safe, healthy and tasty food. Sa insbury respects environment by using environmentally friendly packaging. Queuing time is reasonable and deliveries are on time. Online Shopping at Sainsburys is also a great advantage. All the above provide ahigh level of dependabilityand are the reason why the Sainsburys brand remains on the market for 141 years, and this declares the Sainsbury differs from its competitors.Sainsbury started a new range taste the difference that aims to provide consumers desire to treat themselves at home, earlier than spending money in buying expensive takeaways or eating outside.Sainsburys continuously investing in their vestments and home decor items to accelerate the harvest in non-food sector so that they can reach to more customers so as to increase its market share and sales. (Euro monitor)Sainsburys continued launching innovate products, 1% fat milk was launched which was consumed by 2.5 million households due to which its sales for basics were up by 60%. (Euro monitor)QUESTION 2Critic ally evaluating value proposition of SainsburysVALUE PROPOSITIONSainsbury supermarkets follow up on the rush of being the customers first choice by its service and quality. Through the method of work simpler, together and faster it delivers an outstanding good service and quality. Sainsbury accelerating its growth in non-food sector so as to reach more customers. Online facility provides its customers to scab online for non-food items also. The beau monde has a solid brand value although discriminating agonistic advantage is clearly missing. It is difficult to slot them in a particular category from a customer point of view. The company is not able to defecate a good market which will make them distinguish from other supermarkets with concerns to price, quality, customer service and access to variety or inventory.Sainsburys was critised by the city for allowing Tesco in getting ahead in the market in terms of customer service, loyalty and price competitiveness. Sainsburys was also criminated for not promoting itself up to its standards and also running the same type of initiatives which was running by Tesco. So the Sainsbury has failed to promote its products and services. In the process to reconstruct its mission, company has changed its marketing strategy and sold successfully the home ground products in the chain of UK market and its business in Egypt. This changes the company to focus on food retailing and related activities.Sainsbury maintains 100% service level as the online business is growing rapidly. Even so, there are some issue that need to be bring outed for example delivering orders in full and on time. The online business is developing at a rapid speed mastering growth in overall market. During hectic periods picking large orders from stores could perplex an issue.(http//www.oracle.com/us/ corporate/analystreports/corporate/ovum-sainsbury-cs-170835.pdf)MARKETING MIXThe marketing mix used by Sainsbury to gain its competitive advantage in its retailing sector -.Product Sainsburys mainly focused in developing new product and its food quality which will be healthier to the customers. It provides more than 350 variety range of foods product which is produced to protect its inherent flavour and taste of the product. Currently it has achieved to developed more than 600 organic lines to provide best range of food and major growth in groceries, bakery, and frozen foods. It has also launched a product called Blue carrot Calf known for the clear labelling of kid products which mention clear details of the products. The Sainsburys continuously concentrating on development of its product by launching a new programme either year.Price Price is the important component of the marketing mix for Sainsburys. Now a day Sainsburys is presenting its customers in UK the value for money. A lot of investment is made in improving quality and productivity in order to reduce the overall cost. For the customers in UK Sainsbury is offering , exceptional value for the money and the aim of the company is to lead the quality and become the favoured in term for the customers all through the market. If the price is cut it is not easy to get back again to the previous level without dissatisfying the customer. This is not decent for the business. Hence in short term price gain the store will be less affected where as in long term it would gain less positive. Sainsbury implemented a new strategy value for money aft(prenominal) realising its price war in the market. A lot of investment is made in improving quality and productivity what it provides and efficiency of its action at law in order to reduce the overall cost. The purpose of implementing a new strategy is to achieve trust and value from the customer and continue its leadership.Promotion -Sainsbury gain to build up its solid brand image among the customers through various promotions. It mainly focuses on its own brand rather than the promoting other brands which they sell in the stores to form the greater wealth by its overall retail brand.Sainsbury uses different media for its promotion whereas TV, radio and advertising in cinemas to grow the company image. Sales promotions, merchandising and packing are also the key element for the promotion of the Sainsbury.Sainsbury launched Nectar Card as a main weapon for its promotion. This card is free for customers and gives price reduction points if customer used it in store at the time of shopping. Many other retailers are also using same type of promotions by progeny the card to customers and giving them free points for their money as these free points can be used automatically for displaces.Sainsbury store staff wears named T-shirt of the supermarket to defer as a worker to serve people.Place As per the Sainsbury it has 872 stores across UK whereas 837 super markets and 335 convenience stores. Various set up of stores are established across the country according to the needs and satisfaction of the customers and area. Sum stores are opened 24 hours a day for the satisfaction of the customers.Sainsbury is making large chain stores in different locations to create a world class distribution of groceries and work more effectively.Sainsburys uses marketing mix to improve and implement its plans by using market mix. It fulfils the needs of customers by improving its strategies which will satisfy customer. Sainsburys study on the market to the customer needs who will buy the products. It continues to implement the market division to furtherance its business strategies which shows the progress of a business. To increase its overall sales Sainsburys uses the market segmentation to display various varieties of products and sells it to different group of people. It offers a large turn of products in a supermarket or convenience store and opens the store for long hours. It also offers easy cash option through debit or assent card and cash back facility to customers on their purcha ses.http//katamaneni12.blogspot.com/2010/09/macro-environment-and-marketing-mix.htmlCompetitor AnalysisTESCO- Competitor Company ProfileTesco is started by Jack Cohen in 1919. Tesco is biggest food retailer in the world, having 2318 stores and giving employment to more than 470000 people who serve millions of customer around the world. Tesco has a largest market in UK, where it operates under signs of Extra, Superstore, Metro and Express. Tesco offers more than 40000 products to customers including clothing and other non-food lines.Tesco vs. SainsburysTESCO MISSIONTESCO is to provide superior technical representation and to add value to a focused group of leading-edge, corporations by offering synergistic, valuable and exceedingly innovate solutions for our customer design, procurement and manufacturing needs with continuous improvement of our quality, service and productivity to a completive advantage.TESCO VISSIONWhat sets TESCO apart from other distributors is our commitment to customers success, by bringing an in-depth noesis of their technology and the value added services needed to truly support the customer. The result is cost-efficient, rapidly delivered technical superior products that the customers take pride in.(http//www.tescoinc.co.kr/tesco/ecompany1.php)MISSION STATEMENTSainsburys mission statementOur mission is to be the consumers first choice for food, delivering products of outstanding quality and great service at a competitive cost through working faster, simpler and together.Source Sainsbury wind vane siteSainsburys companys vision for growthSainsbury plcs present focus is to improve the performance of the core UK supermarket chain. Whilst doing so we will continue to explore and develop growth opportunities in other markets. Through implementing Managing for Value we will stretch our ambitions and challenge the conventional wisdom within the Company, thereby unlocking our potential and delivering value. Source Sainsbury Web siteDIFFERENC ESTRATEGIESSAINSBURY STRATEGYSainsbury aims to provide quality products and good service at a competitive price through working faster, simpler, together and aimed to be the consumer first choice for food. Through a balance in sales growth, reduction cost and on-going margin improvements, Sainsbury look forward to progress growth. The company is sanctified to achieving industry leading margins within a dynamic, competitive market and to delivering strong double digit necessary profit growth in each year of its business programme.TESCO STRATEGYTesco has made a good progress with its strategy which consists of five elements reflecting its four established areas of motivation and Tescos long term promises on environment and community.The ideas of the strategy areTo be a successful international retailerTo develop the core UK businessTo be as strong in non-food as in food.To develop retailing services such as Tesco Personal Finance, Telecoms and Tesco.comTo put community at the heart of what we do.The market share of Tesco is 31.6% in the retail market and they also capture 50% of the grocery market share while Sainsbury has 16% and 22% of the market share respectively. Tesco sells massive products range and buy in big volume and sell it in cheap while Sainsbury buys product that are popular and their own branded product. 1/3 of the retail market is acquired by Tesco but Sainsbury is enabling to have this power.Tesco achieved its success by selling varieties of products it is located within UK as well as overseas, they target every people. With this strategy Sainsburys have a difficult to keep up with Tesco. Sainsburys generally attract the middle class people with low class prices whereas Tesco attract all kind of people from all classes. Sainsburys is more concerned about the quality of the food they provide their customers while Tesco is concerned about reducing prices to attract their customers.Tescos main advertising approach is money saving Every little he lp and Sainsburys Taste the difference however during the crisis time they are one of the same. Sainsburys slip its plump for position in 2008, losing to Asda. Leader Tesco enlarged its market share in the year, moving ahead of Sainsburys. Sainsburys has less variety of non-food items as compared to Tesco. At the end of the military rank period, non-food items were the reason for growth for the major supermarkets.( http//www.oracle.com/us/corporate/analystreports/corporate/ovum-sainsbury-cs-170835.pdf)MANAGEMENTSainsbury CEO Justin king has done a great job in strengthen the brand, improved turnover at a rate of 5.5% a year and profit increases by 6.7%. king main focus was on UK store enlargement rather than overseas and total number of store has been increased from 583 in 2004 to 827 today.Tesco CEO Sir Terry Leahy has different approach as compare to Sainsburys CEO Justin King. In his fourteen year term he has heavily invested in overseas expansion. In 1999, within UK Tesco gen erated 90% of its turnover and now its less than 70%. fruit POTENTIALTesco has its setups in 14 countries but that doesnt mean Sainsburys lack growth opportunities. Sainsburys results in past years in the proof of this and continuing achieving high growth rate without international expansions. To exist in this competitive market Sainsburys has done well by opening new stores across UK, adding new non-food products and banking services to brisk stores.Tesco on the other hand, have more growth opportunities in Asia and other countries. Tesco is a big player than Sainsburys, for example if we compare past twelve months results Tesco has 56.9 gazillion turnover versus Sainsburys 19.9 billion.(http//www.fool.co.uk/news/investing/company-comment/2010/07/16/a-foolish-fracas-sainsbury-vs-tesco.aspx)CUSTOMER OUTCOME AND EXPECTATIONBrand image and relationship building in a business to company market depends on how well company satisfies its customers. Sainsbury keep high quality of its ser vices by providing high quality products to customers at a fair price. It has different prices which are suited to different kinds of customer. It provide basic product at low price to customer with low income. Sainsbury want to make it easier for customer to shop ethically and sustainably so they making every effort to live up to their expectations. Therefore from the above model, which explains between the company service and quality Sainsbury can be placed into high quality as well as service offered by the company and received by customers.Question 3http//www.universityessays.com/example-essays/global-markets-sainsburys.phpMission statement serves a dual purpose by helping employees to remain dedicated on jobs as well as boosting them to find innovative ways of achieving company objectives so that productivity can be increased. It is common that large companies spend years and millions of dollars developing and refining their mission statement.NEW MISSION STATEMENT OF SAINSBURYS To become the UK best retailer company and earn customer lifetime reliability.NEW VISSION STATEMENT OF SAINSBURYSNEW VALUE PROPOSITIONSource Barnes, C. et. al., 2009 Creating and Delivering your value proposition p 31Market Sainsbury already caters to the middle class customers by providing products at affordable prices, but since Sainsbury maintains high quality amongst its products, the cost somewhat becomes high (in a comparative sense to its competitors). Sainsbury needs to provide these products at a more reasonable price to cater to the working class as well and thereby expand its existing customer base.Value experience Benefits should include high quality at reasonable price. To reduce the travel costs Sainsbury needs to focus on locations of its stores so that they are effortlessly within the reach of its customers. Online sales should also be made easy. Complaints should be minimised by providing a good after sales service and monitoring customer feedback.Offerings Place sh ould include a focus on central locations. Product should include highest possible quality at affordable prices, new and innovative products could also be introduced to increase sales. Since the financial downturn of 2008 had drastic effects on the economy, consumers are trying to save as much as possible hence Sainsbury needs to keep the prices of its products as low as possible. Promotion should involve promotion of sales through discount vouchers or limited offers (e.g. buy 2 get 1 free) and continuous advertising through all available media types.Benefits products need to be provided at the last possible price maintaining high quality. Constant customer feedback should be facilitated in order to keep track of its customers satisfaction.Alternatives and differentiation Since Sainsbury focuses on quality more than the price of its products. The quality of Sainsburys products is higher than most of its competitors, but this phenomenon is not the same when it comes to price. Sainsb ury needs to balance between its price and quality since its competitors such as Tesco are providing products at a lower price that is offered by Sainsbury.ProofIMPLEMENTATION PLANBy using Ansoff Matrix tool for strategic marketing planning help to improve the position of J. Sainsbury. It accelerate to do best strategic direction depending upon the need/desire to penetrate existing or new markets with existing or new products. (http//www.emp.ac.uk/linspdfs/marketi2.pdf)If Sainsbury need to reconstruct their values, strengths and beliefs they need to split up their position in the existing market. They facing extreme competition in the real market they must modernize and create in new markets with their present product offering.Partnership is a necessity in the domestic market since this is the basis of the business and its primary values. It will help the Sainsbury to rebuild its image and the connection with existing customer by confirming them the best quality, best product offers at competitive pricing.Sainsburys need to improve in its Information Technology system so that information can be processed faster and stocks can be reloaded at a faster pace. The shelfs are always stocked well and the customers keep getting informed about the available varieties. All these hard work make the shopping experience enjoyable and satisfying for the customers.As the world faced recession almost globally, Sainsbury should avoid price related conflicts and must follow specific price strategy. Since customer will not be willing to pay high prices even for the best quality products hence low pricing should be planned for the quality product.Identify problems and in time solving them as quickly as possible so that they build strong communication at every step of the channel.To introduce some products this will give a comparative advantage over their rivals. Sainsbury should open local stores in the city rather than on the outskirts of the city. Customer generally chooses to purchase in local shop rather than supermarkets to save time and money.Introduction of pay point or touch office to the store would be a good idea to attract customers. The customer immediately after purchase can pay their bills without wasting time to reach these places elsewhere in the city.Sainsburys need to increase its online shopping service in non-food items, so that customer can shop online more comfortably.I would cheer Sainsburys to deliver every little helps to make it a healthier place for shop. Use simple processes so that shopping is better for customers, simpler for staff and cheaper for Sainsburys.

Greek And Roman Influence On Western Civilization Essay -- greek roman

Western civilization is what we call modern society that mainly includes North America andWestern Europe. But how did this western way of life get hold to be? Their are many differentways but mainly through ancient cultures. The two main ones are the Greek and Roman. Greece with their golden board and capital of Italy with its great Empire and Republic and alsotogether. Their are many ways in which western civilization is like the ancient Greekcivilization. They started the prodigious games. Greeks come up with the idea of an alphabetthat it still used today. They were the first to think of the idea of democracy. They hadcommon people participate in their government and to elect(ip) a leader. Their trials had anactual jury made up of commoners. Greece was the first to think of paying people for theirlabor. It also had the initial philosophers and thought up of the way we direct write literature. Including the idea of putting on a play. One of historys greatest writes, Homer , thought upof poems that are story size that we straight off call epic poems. But it was mainly throughgovernment that Greeks influenced the world. The other greatest influence on western civilization is the one of Ancient Rome. They organise a law code much like the ones used now a day in many countries. First tobelieve someone was fair tell proven guilty. Had a Senate much like the ones usedtoday, with both upper class and lower class in it. And also had other assemblies. Romespread the Lat...

The Torch of Leadership Essay example -- Example Personal Narratives

To Carry the Torch of Leadership   Her spry, Timberland-clad foot planted itself upon a jagged boulder, motionless, until her calf muscles tightened and catapulted her small name into the next stride. Then Saras dance continued, her feet playing effortlessly with the difficult terrain. As her foot lifted from the ground, compressed mint-colored lichen would spring back into position, only to be low-spirited by my immense boot, struggling to step where hers had been. My eyes fixated on the forest floor, as fallen trees, swollen roots, and unsteady rocks posed constant threats for my exhausted body. Without glancing up I knew what was ahead the same dense, impenetrable green that had surrounded us for hours. My throat prickled with unfathomable thirst, as my long-empty Nalgene bottle slapped mockingly at my side. Gnarled branches snared at my clothes and tore at my hair, and I blindly hurled myself after Sara. The portage had become a battle, and the ominously darkening sky rai sed the potential for casualties. Gritting my teeth with gumption, I refused to stop I would march on until I could no longer stand.   Suddenly, Saras light step halted and she turned to face me. From her hazel eyes blazed an intensity of hullabaloo and courage, which mingled with pride and concern as she surveyed my resolute expression. I watched longingly as Sara unfastened the Nalgene bottle from her side one sip of water sloshed tantalizingly at the bottom of the bottle, heightening my senses into acute desire. Sweat poured down from my face, biting at my eyes, and after I dabbed at them with my shirt, I saw Sara was presenting the water bottle to me. Both anticipating and squelching my refusing, Sara said simply, Drink, Stacy. Yo... ...ollow. With her memory as my core to security and knowledge, I packed my campers into the canoes, and we set off, a camp song on my lips and hunger for the wild within my heart. Whenever challenges arose, Sara stood beside me her rational eyes scrutinized the sky for advancing storms her inexhaustible patience built a roaring fire out of wet wood and her accomplished fingers secured fishermens knots to hold up a tarp. Because her skills had built a firm foundation for trail life within me, my confidence now positioned the girls into lightening stances my hilarity disport the girls as we huddled under the protective tarp my voice sang reassuringly over the pounding of the fierce rain. At last, when a fantastic rainbow strike out the brilliant blue sky, it was the love of both of us that abounded the joy and fulfillment of leadership being passed on to a new generation.