Why Control Development Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Why tell Development - Research Paper ExampleControl phylogeny is such a scheme. Emphasis is habituated on answering the following question Why halt development?, meaning the reasons for the superiority of make development towards other opinions and mechanisms of similar role. Through the review of the literature published in the accompaniment field of force it has been proved that control development can significantly help towards the improvement of urban planning however, it would be necessary for certain terms to be met. In the long term, the effectiveness of control development cannot be guaranteed, being influenced by the social and economic classs that are likely to change overtime. In any case, control development is the most credible process for securing the quality of urban planning and for this reason it should be like by urban planners when having to address versatile social, economic or spatial challenges. 2. Planning Theory mixed approaches have been used in t he literature for describing the role and the value of planning, as a theoretical concept with important implications on township planning worldwide. In accordance with Lichfield (1998) the surmisal of communicative planning silk hat reflects the context of planning as the basis for the design of cities and communities worldwide. The above theory is based on realities, as the main element of planning it is explained that these realities are depended on the life of mess within a particular community and the needs of this community. It is implied that planning, as a theory, is a reflection of daily human needs referring to people as members of a community. From a similar point of view, Sorensen (1999) notes that the first signs of town planning and control development can be identified in the academic movement based on the views of 19th cytosine philanthropists it is explained that the academic writers who based on these views emphasized on the need for rational public control f or urban development (Sorensen 1999, p.147). The above theory is characterized as socialist aiming to achieve the following targets protection of the interests of the working class, of ensuring the involution of public housing and the increase of the power of citizens to participate in urban management (Sorensen 1999, p.147). The above theory was opposed by the revisionists, who emphasized on the value of privatization of public assets and the limitation of public housing highlighting the importance of private capital for defining the terms of housing and the urban planning in advance(a) cities (Sorensen 1999). This trend is reflected in Cities for Sale of Sandercock in the above book reference is made to the power of the raise to set the rules for urban planning and to prevent the private sector from highly intervening in the town planning process (Sorensen 1999). However, concerns are developed regarding the effects of the limitation of private funding in various public proje cts. The revisionist approach in town planning has been opposed by the high-mindedness, a theoretical trend that has been partially based on socialist and revisionist theories for explaining the context and the value of town planning. In accordance with the idealism approach on town planning, planning should be based on a

Innovation and Competitive Advantage Thesis Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Innovation and war-ridden Advantage - Thesis ExampleThe companies be facing a great development in the orbicular markets resulted from globalization. Therefore, they are thinking of a new generation of managers, which we call global managers. They turn in a childlike viewpoint of unexpected environmental changes that needs a fast and right decision to make. The old generations of managers dont have this competency. So, they cant vary with the new environment. (Kanter, 1995,p.149). Amidst all this change, the high ethical standards of an individual, be it a workman on the sponsor floor or the global manager, matter more now than ever. The dual ethical standards often hold by people front-often the exact opposites when it comes of the way they conduct business are counterproductive in the extensive run. The new authority is emerging and organizations are member led, officer driven, customer focused a group environment where the whole is greater than the sum of its parts a fla t management structure where employees and managers are learning rather than blame a clear since of direction and purpose.The six elements of an organization (Strategy, policies, structure, systems Climate, and culture) dynamically hit one another. Each element interacts with the environment as a business strives towards its goals. The problem definition/ effect planning process requires that a manager look at all six elements of the organizational archetype to control which action levels will exist to implement positive change. If the environment changes, the organizational elements must adapt (Steven 124)Six elements that define organization Strategy Policies and Procedures Structure Systems Climate Culture1.1 Organizational strategyNo organization exists in isolation. Every organization exists in an environment where it interacts with, and is influenced by, the general public, specific groups (whether they be customers, clients, suppliers, stuff groups, etc) and/or various go vernment bodies. The organization is also affected by the economic, political, legal, social, technological and international variables of the times. both managers, whether they work in the public or private sector, operate in the same external environment. They appear common pressures that the environment exerts on them. However, the nature of their work and the type of organization they work for will determine how these common environmental factors are perceived - whether they are seen as positive or negative, threats or opportunities. (Yvonne

Project Paper-Adult Development Issues Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Project Paper-Adult Development Issues - Essay practiceWhat emerges from this study is the importance of physical and intellectual competence, an adaptive personality, financial security and a supportive family.A sustained, dramatic change in the demographic profile of American society has been observed and documented in recent years, brought about by a new high in life expectancy, which has increased to virtually 77 years, showing a difference between 73.6 years for men and 79.4 years for women. Statistical studies assure that, by 2050, the elderly (above 65 years of age) will constitute a significant 22.9% of the U.S. population (Schaie and Willis, 2002. scalawag 5). This trend can be attributed mainly to the migration of young adults, fertility rates over different periods and mortality rate. The marked rise in life expectancy is matched by a corresponding decline in mortality rates, chiefly due to vast strides in sanitation, nutrition and scientific advances in medical trea tment. As we ineluctably head towards a society with an increasingly aged population, with its attendant problems and implications, the study of gerontology takes on urgent significance. Gerontology is defined as the study of the phenomena of the aging process from maturity into experienced age, as easy as the study of the elderly as a special population (Schaie and Willis, 2002. Page12). The word is derived from the Greek geras, for old age. An approach that would contribute to a more complete understanding of elderly peoples capabilities and positions is unitary which does not rank them on the basis of chronological age alone, but differentiates between biological age, which is parasitical on the physical condition of the body social age, which reflects the position occupied by the individual in society psychological age, which is indicative of behavior, attitude and skills. Another approach which

Effect of music during worship sevice Term Paper

Effect of medicinal drug during worship sevice - Term Paper ExampleThis Effect of music during worship sevice essay outlines the role of music during praying. From the findings, music during worship is necessary since worship starts with a plainspoken praise and helps the worshippers enter presence with deity by dint of exalting him (Stringer, 2005). music during worship will pee the mood thus enabling the congregation to value both faith and feelings towards the creator (White, 2010). Musical rhythms perk up deep personal associations for worshippers thus act as a reference point during worship (Leonard, 1990). Music during worship facilitates revelation since Christians believe that revelation that is both natural through human experience and likewise supernatural through praise and worship (Smith, 2004). However, majority of the Catholic respondents see music as not essential during worship and they do not necessary express their freedom through bodily movements, solely thr ough prayer (Hauerwas & Wells, 2011). From the above findings, it is clear that a majority of the Churches incorporate music during their worship heedless of whether in an urban or rural setting. Since contemporary music is the most preferred type of music, nigh Christian denominations like Methodist, Baptism and Non-denominational will have to enhance the quality of the music in order to sop up more congregation (Macquarrie, 2003). Music provides the worshippers with a freedom to express their deep feelings about their God through dancing, joy and lifting of hands (White, 2006). Music is a means of exhortation since some anthems and solos are purely pitch at exhortation thus worshippers will be able to express their personal testimony with their God thus acting as both worshippers and the preacher (Foley & Bangert, 2000). Praise through music humbles the worshippers since it is a residence of adoration from the creator thus something dynamic usually happens in the souls of the singers (Kurtz, 2008). Music

A Comparison between the Pantheon and the Coliseum Essay

A Comparison between the Pantheon and the amphitheater - Essay ExampleThis research will lead astray with the statement that the Roman Empire has been credited with a lot of history regarding its people, events, and closely importantly architecture. capital of Italys historic credit, in terms of architecture, is partly attributed to cardinal great buildings, which are the Pantheon and the Coliseum. Architecture in capital of Italy was not only limited to buildings but also included roads, great w anys, forts, and baths. These two buildings agnize to it that capital of Italy hosts an influx of hundreds of tourists on a daily basis. The building, Pantheon, was constructed in AD 118 at a site, which two buildings built had earlier burnt down. On the other hand, Coliseum was constructed in the year AD 80, on a site that hosted an artificial lake. The building of the enormous Pantheon structure was under the orders of emperor butterfly Hadrin. Flavian Amphitheater is a different na me used to refer to the Coliseum, whose kink was under the orders of Emperor Vespasian. Looking at the clipping the emperors gave orders for constructions of the two buildings, it is evident that the Coliseum was built earlier than the Pantheon, and both buildings count over 1,900 years of their existence. Pantheon, dome-shaped, was built with the objective of being a Temple. Coliseum was built in a shape that resembles an arena, and in most instances, it served the purpose of accommodating people during public entertainments and free games. The Coliseum suffered an incident in which part of it was destruct by an earthquake, but to this day, the two buildings are still in existence serving as historical sites. Architecturally speaking, the two buildings the Pantheon and the Coliseum, can be compared and contrasted. Culture, traditions, and phantasmal beliefs of the Roman Empire affected the architectural construction of the Pantheon and the Coliseum.Ancient Romes culture, tradit ion and religious belief were marked with the building of structures, which were novel at that time. Ancient Rome was an architectural society as it is reflected with the numerous constructions of monuments, temples, roads, forts, markets, theatres, villas and great walls. The structures were used for entertainment and religious purposes. Culture in superannuated Rome entailed entertainments and games, which featured gladiators or slaves, fighting and the only way to supercharge was to kill the opponent while spectators watched. In quaint Rome, tradition was practiced through worshiping gods in the buildings constructed as temples. Additionally, religious belief in ancient Rome was practiced through Christians worshiping their God in temples.The Coliseum Cultural, traditional and religious influence on the Coliseum The political class of Rome took advantage of Romes culture to construct the Coliseum in order to distract its citizens from politics. This was due to the fact that an cient Romes cultural practices were marked with a lot of entertainment and games. The Coliseum, which is an enormous structure, was built with the excogitation of providing an entertainment zone for Romes citizen at that time. Its construction was also political, in that it distracted the citizen of Rome from focusing on the political struggle at that time. The arena could accommodate more than 50,000 people in its four stories during entertainment sessions. This ampitheater was commissioned by the Emperor Vespasian credited to have been the founder of the Flavian dynasty, which ruled ancient Rome the entire time the Coliseum was under construction. Romes architectural culture was exemplified when Emperor Vespasian annihilated an artificial lake, which was constructed during Emperor Neros reign and replaced it with the Coliseum (Coarelli & Gabucci, 2001 p207). The culture in ancient Rome, all along was also practiced through having many days and nights dedicated to celebrations and festivities. The celebrations were marked with slaughtering animals, drinking and organizing games to be watched by crowds of

Argue for a ban on texting while driving Research Paper

Argue for a exile on texting while impetuous - Research Paper ExampleStudies conducted have shown that texting while control could be more dangerous than speaking or drunk driving (Richtel). More than a cardinal states in the United States have passed laws against texting while driving with the current Obama administration taking more efforts to ban the practice across the verdant (Crawley Stateline). However, despite the increased arguments raised in favor of the ban, studies carried out by certain institutes have shown that such bans have really had no impact on the accident enjoin in the country (Lohr). But given the many potential risks involved in practicing this, increased sentience is being created by legal experts, transportation and regimen officials and vehicle manufacturers to bring out a country wide ban for texting while driving.The executive mark issued by the President in 2009, has referred to distracted driving as an epidemic and has hence banned all federal employees from texting while driving. The favorable arguments raised in this regard is that there has been several car crashes involving drivers who were distracted and tempted by text messages while driving as they had to release at least one hand from the steering in addition to taking their eye off the road (National Highway Traffic Crawley Stateline Executive order). The government has issued this order as it believes that officials should first impersonate an example by following the ban and thence enforce it. There are several government employees who use vehicles daily for commutation or transportation purposes and by following the ban they can to a fault prevent any unwanted accidents and injuries. The federal government employees and contractors were expected to comply with the order since December 2009 as it would help save lives, reduce injuries and unnecessary damage to property (National Highway Traffic Executive order). The order also includes that these officials sho uld comply with the order even during non-working hours and that authorities can

Response Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 11

Response Paper - Essay ExampleHowever, what I engender surprising is the reason for all the denial despite the rigidity to change by the activists, it was very likely that calligraphy was bound to flourish. But again, only one question, whose answer is very evident, comes to my mind. Were these radicals unable to see the unequivocal fact that calligraphy, as part of writing, would flourish? Well, anyone rigid to change never sees the other side of their perspective. withal to the real world, there ar very clear examples scenarios similar to those illustrated by the author. One such subject is in politics, transitioning from one form of leadership has always faced myriad obstacles from those who resist the change the resultant? Political chaos. Interestingly, such enemy to change relate perfectly even to my life experiences. Many are times I have opposed moving from one residential area to the other for reasons non so justifiable this clearly reflects the human nature of resi sting change.The most interesting part of this writing how it brings forbidden the power of the pen. In other words, calligraphy, as a form of writing, is so powerful that amidst the sheer resistivity by the activists, it penetrated the Chinese as if it was not being opposed. But I cannot stop asking myself what methods of resistance the activists used if they were serious, they would manage to bar calligraphy since it was truly a form of feudalism. On the equal note, were the Chinese contented with feudalism? What quickly comes to my mind is that the activists were not so vigorous in their opposition. At the same time the feudal stipulations profoundly influenced so many Chinese to the extent that it would consume way more(prenominal) effort to persuade them otherwise. Just, in the same way, as a Christian, it would take a lot of persuasions to convince me against the stipulations of the Bible.In one way or the other, this text still emphasizes the link between the Chinese ol d and its

Main Principles of Corporate Social Responsibility Term Paper - 29

Main Principles of Corporate Social Responsibility - Term report ExampleCSR was first heard in the 1960s. At that moment very few organizations were involved in corporate social responsibility. This was the fact, CSR is a voluntary thing that only companies that want to be involved can. However, as time passed more business organizations started adapting CSR practices including CSR reporting. This is necessitated by the growth of sensitivity toward organizational social responsibility among consumers either over the world.The principle of legal compliance this is the principle that expects all business organizations to comply with and understand international, local, declared, written, and cause laws and regulations that are applicable in their scenario. This kind of compliance and understanding should be according to specific procedures. This implies that companies should subdue involvement in any practices that are half compliant to the requirements stated by this principle.The Principle of Adhering to general International Laws this principle expects business organizations to governmental and international agreements, declarations, executive regulations, covenants, guidelines and decisions in the process of formulating their CSR practices and activities. A union should make sure that their policies and practices are not conflicting with any of the factors that have been discussed herein.A policy of display respect to related stakeholders lefts according to this principle, companies are expected to accept and acknowledge the diversity that relates to stakeholders interests and lefts. Companies are to a fault expected to accept and acknowledge the diversity that is likely to exist in their main and minor practices and products. This consideration should also include elements of business existence that might be of an effect of their stakeholders.

Distance To Galaxy Using Supernova Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Distance To Galaxy Using Supernova - Essay suitType Ia supernova have proven to be excellent distance indicators when well treated. Although they have virtues that are relate to standard candle, they are not standard candle. Combined with the high luminosity of objects which make them detectable proscribed of redshift near 1, they can be used to measure cosmological distances and provide determination of acceleration of the universe. The presumptuousness that is made is that supernova expands in a spherical symmetric manner. It is unlikely that supernova Ia will provide genuine and circumstantial imparts of the peculiar velocity field just because it rarely occurred. The astronomers realized that it was possible to measure apparent magnitude of supernova knowing what its absolute magnitude was. The measured distance was to be used to calculate the distance modulus.1 square CCD array was used in taking the sample images for later analysis. The images were used to measure proper ties of the supernova (SN) force galaxies, such as total stellar mass, star formation rate or host galaxy redshift.Finally the apparent brightness and luminosity were combined with the aim of finding distance .During every check-up for the supernova, the economic value for flux and eon of the i band maximum,f1 and tpeak was estimated .The flux value of f g, fr and fz for the same succession was estimatedThe SNLS result that was released for the first time consisted of photometry and red shift of 40 supernova 1.The result were having griz light curves with photometry covering the epoch of the maximum flux in the i band.The coefficients ci was derived using 20 SNe Ia and later confirmed by another 20SNe Ia.The bias corrected mean and standard deviation of ci computed using the jack-knife technique and the result provided as given belowThe results obtained for the values of (Zphot -Zspec)/( Zphot +Zspec ) was plotted against the values of Z spec on a graph . This was done for 20 SN Ia and 40 SN Ia. The above calculated value fro

Dance research paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Dance - Research Paper prototypeVaslav was born in the year 1890 in Kiev. Vaslavs parents were both terpsichorers that were well acclaimed. This was one of the factors that motivated Vaslav to wedlock the dancing world. The family had its own dancing company where they recruited and trained dancers. Vaslav was a natural dancer and did not use up a lot of training. The dancing company trained dancers that performed all everyplace Russia with Vaslav tagged along nigh all the events. This was the basis of his experience and he gained a lot of confidence due to facing spacious crowds at a very young age (Kassing 173).The breakthrough for Nijinsky came when he met up with Sergei Diaghilev. This was one of the near prominent people in the entertainment scene at the time and Nijinsky was fortunate to be think to him. After a while, he joined his dancing group where he got to learn various dance styles. At first, Nijinsky was not sure of which dancing routine he would pursue and thus , with assistance and training, got to try diametrical dances (Russes). After several trials, he got to decide that ballet dancing was his routine of choice and from there on, he indulged fully in this.Diaghilev took Nijinsky alongside other dancers to Paris for a performance. In this performance, Nijinsky pleased the crowd and got a standing ovation alongside with the other dancers since he was the lead in that particular routine. Le Pavillon dArmide is one of the most acclaimed pieces that the character performed (Russes). This is a piece that he performed in Paris and gave him a abundant positive applaud. His style was different from the people that had initially acted and danced in the piece. The reason for this is that Nijinsky was creative. It is also significant to kip down that he had the ability to relate actively with the audience.In the particular piece, Nijinsky would at times bend over so as to greet his audience while still

Answer 3 questions about art museums Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Answer 3 questions about art museums - Essay workoutThe museum shop reminds patrons that the art works they are seeing are displayed by an organization that is reliant on funding and profit. This is a signifi slewt realization as it necessitates that the museum be considered with the same analytical lens as one would apply to traditional businesses. This has implications for nearly all decision-making in the institution.Another question is whether artists should strive to urinate art that resists being commercial. In these regards, it seems that there is nothing inherently wrong with being commercial, or victimisation a commercial aesthetic. Artists that specifically attempt to cultivate commercial values, however, are witnessed as suspect compared to artists that more(prenominal) naturally and authentically produce their art. The notion that art can be produced naturally, or rather can be produced natural and authentically, however, is not entirely understood as even being

Critical and Post-Modern Organization Theory Essay

faultfinding and Post-Modern Organization opening - Essay ExampleThey state that Critical Theory hits hard to liberate and enslave human beings with transformation of various conditions and circumstances. This theory also aids in descriptive and normative base in social inquiry where it seeks to reduce command and power, and increase freedom in all respective manners. Critical theories have gone through different historical phases and have passed several generations (Fellunga, 2002). Critical theory has clan its aims, methods, theories, and explanations in both natural and social sciences and thus this theory is extended to ethics, political philosophy, and philosophy of history. Furthermore, hypercritical theorists argue that enterprises do not have a practical approach in instrumental sense, merely rather they have a keen interest in the moral sense. They do not strive to achieve some independent goal only when instead they seek human liberation in coercion, repression, and domination. While the formulation of materialism stated, that critical theory has all the rights to function within the boundaries of division of labor. entirely within this scenario, philosophy normative stance has the right to condemn the ethics, principles and embodiment of reason (Stanford encyclopedia of philosophy, 2005).On the other hand, post modern theory or post modernism has been derived after modernism but both these terms have a wide distinction among each other. Modernism is concerned with identity, unity, authority, and sure thing while post modernism reflects difference, separation, textuality, and skepticism. Post modernism originated from architecture and covered two main theories deconstructionism and post structuralism. This theory is used not only in art-related fields but it also assists in marketing & business, law and culture fields. Basically post modernism are those group of critics who are shake up by the postmodern culture in which they live

Research report on the casual dining Sector in KSA ( Saudi Arabia) Paper

Report on the day-by-day dining Sector in KSA ( Saudi Arabia) - Research Paper ExampleThe considerable grocery store size of it as per the targeted population includes Riyadh and Jeddah as the main hub of the business. Other locations contributing in the overall securities industry size of casual dining of KSA takes toll of Eastern province (Oxford Business Group, 2010). Other cities have excessively attracted the investors as the culture of dining out at causal stores has become a speculated fact. The number of authorize of one chain has about 50 stores currently as an average. The total of brand franchises has marked the grade of about more than 15000 stores. This will is expected to increase by 6% in the coming socio-economic class (Soufi, 2012).Exposure to international way of living and increasing number of shopping malls based upon western standards. It should be noted that western civilization is considered to be involved in making use of their income for disposable pattern i.e. dining out as a form entertainment (Soufi, 2012).Dining out has become a trend of getting together with social groups. This has allowed people to come closer and becoming socially brisk as dining allow them to take time out of their routine and get engaged (Zawya.com, 2012).The marketplace arguing has relatively become zealous because the international chains have marked a beefed-up grip of the market. The fact remains that the international chains are expected to get slowed in the competition because of the similarity in taste and store outlook. However, it has been noted that the Saudi chains have applied for license of their business in the sector. The planning of these stores is underway making it competitive for the international chains (Soufi, 2012). The threat that the pledge chains might have with the Saudi chain is the tradition and the typical predictable taste that the targeted market demand. Most of the chains have changed their menus and appointed ingr edients in the meals which give it a Middle Eastern forage touch. The

Human resource management Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words

Human resource management - Assignment ExampleThis study attempts to provide elaborate analysis of role of human resource management for entire industry in the UK in scene with the laws and recommendations are provided to strategically manage the human resource in improved way. This study centralizees on HR practices, roles and suees of Hilton Hotel as an example of hospitality industry of the country.As a human resource manager of a hospitality organisation, the role and purpose of HRM is to formulate and execute strategies that are best fit for the organisation so as to achieve efficiency and organisational objectives. A set of multiple HR activities and strategies is briefly discussed as followsThe well-nigh important HR function of an organisation is to select right people for the right jobs keeping in view skills, aptitude, motivation, etc for the long run. This is a complete process comprised of several steps designed to filter and learn the right kindledidate. Hilton Hot el focuses to hire people through testing, interviewing and screening however it can further improve the process by applying psychometric tools so that the pool of applicants becomes large and candidates are systematically filtered in less time.The subsisting and new employees need to be trained and equipped according to the dynamic external environment so as to effectively compete in the global and domestic market. Training Need Assessment (TNA) is a process to grasp the lagging skills and potential of the people in organisational context which helps to design culture programs effectively. Hilton Hotel has training programs mostly focused around customer services while management training, sustainability and competitiveness training can add value to human capital of the organisation despite keeping a single focus as it is reported that skill gap is 21% in the industry.The employees once selected and trained become an asset for the organisation and they need to be retained to sav e cost and

Assignment 7(675) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Assignment 7(675) - Essay ExampleI conjure so because it is often healthier initially for an employee to evaluate and rectify himself based on what he believes he lacks, rather than giving an outright harsh list of complaints from students or supervisors like myself at the first stage. Therefore, my overall plan to help Mr. Smith is to get him to work on his self-assessment, followed by some feedback from students and fop teachers, and then formulating a plan to help overcome his shortcomings as an institutional performer. The central idea go away be to identify and work on his strengths and weaknesses and to assess what more can be done to improve his performance. whole tone 1 Initiate self-assessment using instruments and inventories. For giving this process a push, I would arrange an informal coming upon with Mr. Smith subsequently tutor. In this meeting, I would outline with his help, the purpose of this activity and what we hope to achieve by the end of it. Next, I would hand over to him some documents which include his past appraisals and remarks of the principal, myself, the curriculum director and the students. These will give him an idea as to what to consider. Having prepared a list of skills and competencies required and expected of in our school from our teachers, I would ask Mr. Smith to assess the list and use it to perform his self-assessment. All the above stemma will act as a criteria for the self-assessment. Asking him to go home and work on the confinement handed to him, I would arrange a next meeting of a similar fashion with him after a few days.Before the completion of Mr. Smiths task, I will need to put together some idea as to how well Mr. Smith is at his job by asking the students and his fellow colleagues. This can be done either on a one on one rear end or by questionnaires handed out. This step will come in handy at a later stage.Step 2 Perception of self How accurate? An individuals perception of oneself involves their acquaintance of the

NVQ Business studies Essay Example for Free

NVQ Business studies try onDiversity should be respected and cute, because nil is completely the akin as anyvirtuoso else. It is everyplace in our lives which makes mystifying and varied. In our lives kind finish be defined as differences in heritage, race, beliefs, customs, affable capabilities, physical appearances and so on It should be regard asd because no adept is completely the said(prenominal) as anyone else, as yet within the in a higher place categories. If assortment is non jimmy therefore it hobo break to wildness and hatred. people tend to lower what is different. Our differences/diversities can go past to growth as a golf club or it can incline to ferocity and hatred.We must value our diversity in order to escape together for the communal good of our nightspot/world. ?OCR Business and establishment NVQ (QCF) UNIT 203 name Work in a avocation environment aim 2 denotation 2 1. 1Describe what is meant by diversity and wherefore it s hould be precious? Diversity should be respected and valued, because zippo is completely the like as anyone else. It is all over in our lives which makes luxuriant and varied. In our lives diversity can be defined as differences in heritage, race, beliefs, customs, noetic capabilities, physical appearances and so forthIt should be valued because no one is completely the equivalent as anyone else, even up within the higher up categories. If diversity is not valued whence it can escape to violence and hatred. large number tend to disdain what is different. Our differences/diversities can lead to growth as a connection or it can lead to violence and hatred. We must value our diversity in order to take a crap together for the putting surface good of our indian lodge/world. ?OCR Business and judicatory NVQ (QCF) UNIT 203 deed Work in a business environment direct 2 recognize 2 1.1Describe what is meant by diversity and why it should be valued? Diversity should be resp ected and valued, because nobody is completely the same as anyone else. It is everywhere in our lives which makes rich and varied. In our lives diversity can be defined as differences in heritage, race, beliefs, customs, mental capabilities, physical appearances etc. It should be valued because no one is completely the same as anyone else, even within the above categories. If diversity is not valued then it can lead to violence and hatred.People tend to reject what is different. Our differences/diversities can lead to growth as a society or it can lead to violence and hatred. We must value our diversity in order to work together for the common good of our society/world. ?OCR Business and Administration NVQ (QCF) UNIT 203 Title Work in a business environment Level 2 Credit 2 1. 1Describe what is meant by diversity and why it should be valued? Diversity should be respected and valued, because nobody is completely the same as anyone else. It is everywhere in our lives which makes rich and varied.In our lives diversity can be defined as differences in heritage, race, beliefs, customs, mental capabilities, physical appearances etc. It should be valued because no one is completely the same as anyone else, even within the above categories. If diversity is not valued then it can lead to violence and hatred. People tend to reject what is different. Our differences/diversities can lead to growth as a society or it can lead to violence and hatred. We must value our diversity in order to work together for the common good of our society/world. ?OCR Business and Administration NVQ (QCF)UNIT 203 Title Work in a business environment Level 2 Credit 2 1. 1Describe what is meant by diversity and why it should be valued? Diversity should be respected and valued, because nobody is completely the same as anyone else. It is everywhere in our lives which makes rich and varied. In our lives diversity can be defined as differences in heritage, race, beliefs, customs, mental capabilitie s, physical appearances etc. It should be valued because no one is completely the same as anyone else, even within the above categories. If diversity is not valued then it can lead to violence and hatred.People tend to reject what is different. Our differences/diversities can lead to growth as a society or it can lead to violence and hatred. We must value our diversity in order to work together for the common good of our society/world. ?OCR Business and Administration NVQ (QCF) UNIT 203 Title Work in a business environment Level 2 Credit 2 1. 1Describe what is meant by diversity and why it should be valued? Diversity should be respected and valued, because nobody is completely the same as anyone else. It is everywhere in our lives which makes rich and varied.In our lives diversity can be defined as differences in heritage, race, beliefs, customs, mental capabilities, physical appearances etc. It should be valued because no one is completely the same as anyone else, even within the a bove categories. If diversity is not valued then it can lead to violence and hatred. People tend to reject what is different. Our differences/diversities can lead to growth as a society or it can lead to violence and hatred. We must value our diversity in order to work together for the common good of our society/world. ?OCR Business and Administration NVQ (QCF)UNIT 203 Title Work in a business environment Level 2 Credit 2 1. 1Describe what is meant by diversity and why it should be valued? Diversity should be respected and valued, because nobody is completely the same as anyone else. It is everywhere in our lives which makes rich and varied. In our lives diversity can be defined as differences in heritage, race, beliefs, customs, mental capabilities, physical appearances etc. It should be valued because no one is completely the same as anyone else, even within the above categories. If diversity is not valued then it can lead toviolence and hatred. People tend to reject what is diffe rent. Our differences/diversities can lead to growth as a society or it can lead to violence and hatred. We must value our diversity in order to work together for the common good of our society/world. ?OCR Business and Administration NVQ (QCF) UNIT 203 Title Work in a business environment Level 2 Credit 2 1. 1Describe what is meant by diversity and why it should be valued? Diversity should be respected and valued, because nobody is completely the same as anyone else. It is everywhere in our lives which makes rich and varied.In our lives diversity can be defined as differences in heritage, race, beliefs, customs, mental capabilities, physical appearances etc. It should be valued because no one is completely the same as anyone else, even within the above categories. If diversity is not valued then it can lead to violence and hatred. People tend to reject what is different. Our differences/diversities can lead to growth as a society or it can lead to violence and hatred. We must value our diversity in order to work together for the common good of our society/world. ?OCR Business and Administration NVQ (QCF)UNIT 203 Title Work in a business environment Level 2 Credit 2 1. 1Describe what is meant by diversity and why it should be valued? Diversity should be respected and valued, because nobody is completely the same as anyone else. It is everywhere in our lives which makes rich and varied. In our lives diversity can be defined as differences in heritage, race, beliefs, customs, mental capabilities, physical appearances etc. It should be valued because no one is completely the same as anyone else, even within the above categories. If diversity is not valued then it can lead to violence and hatred.People tend to reject what is different. Our differences/diversities can lead to growth as a society or it can lead to violence and hatred. We must value our diversity in order to work together for the common good of our society/world. ?OCR Business and Administration NVQ ( QCF) UNIT 203 Title Work in a business environment Level 2 Credit 2 1. 1Describe what is meant by diversity and why it should be valued? Diversity should be respected and valued, because nobody is completely the same as anyone else. It is everywhere in our lives which makes rich and varied.In our lives diversity can be defined as differences in heritage, race, beliefs, customs, mental capabilities, physical appearances etc. It should be valued because no one is completely the same as anyone else, even within the above categories. If diversity is not valued then it can lead to violence and hatred. People tend to reject what is different. Our differences/diversities can lead to growth as a society or it can lead to violence and hatred. We must value our diversity in order to work together for the common good of our society/world.

Verbal Exam Questions Essay Example for Free

Verbal Exam Questions Essay1. What is meant by the term solicitudefulness of chastening? That is, what does it mean to you personally and professionally. Fear of failure means being panicky of going after what you fatality because you skill non be able to find it. People who acquire this believes that it is okay to not hit their dreams as long as they do not see themselves fail. Many people prefer to be given it safe and do not alike(p) to get out of their safety zones because they do not fatality to be disappointed or they do not like changes to happen in their lives. 2. Describe a past experience with fear of failure. Please explain.In the past, I had several chances of running for a mental attitude in the school body but I was too afraid that I would not be elected or do a good job. This made me decide that it would be better for me not to run for a position and retributive enjoy my time as a regular school-age child but still active with other school activiti es. The down side of this is that I did not get to experience and do what I expected to do. 3. In general do fears affect employee performance on the job and employer relationships with fellow employees? Also, relate this to yourself as the manager in the scenario and Marcus.How do fears affect you and Marcus? Being afraid does affect employee performance, as well as the relationships of employers and employees because some people might not understand this fear that certain employees or employers experience. As a manager to Marcus, I think that I would not like how he behaves when it comes to changes. Changes are important, especially when this would bring more(prenominal) money to the company and all employers do want their companies to succeed. This kind of behavior would create conflicts between Marcus and I. 4. This is a key question. Is failing OK? What almost mistakes? What is gained?What is disoriented? Contrary to what many people believe, failing is actually okay becaus e this is when people learn from the experience. Without failures, people would not be able to realize what they are capable of. It is important that people remember that they are allowed to render mistakes because they are not perfect. Nobody is perfect and making mistakes is only normal. They lose only when they give up and not try. Failure can make people humble and would make them want to achieve more and do better in the future. 5. Can you use your own fears to your advantage? How can you be utilise by your fears?Relate the lessons you have learned to you in the scenario and how you would approach Marcus. Relate this to yourself as the manager. Fears can be used to ones advantage when a person believes that fears pass on produce positive outcomes no matter what. Overcoming fears impart give people the experience even if they fail. However, when people let their fears use them and get the better from them, they will be limited and would have no worthwhile experience from lif e. 6. How can you boost your employees to reduce their fear about making mistakes, and failing? How would you tell an employee so that he understands and believes you?Be specific and realistic in your answer. It is always good to have an open communication with e very(prenominal)one, especially employees. It would especially be beneficial if managers and employers would encourage their people to conquer their fears and assure them that making mistakes are normal. I would relate a past experience about my fear of failure and how I overcame it to inspire them to do the same. 7. What is the story about? Please tally it. Why did you choose the topic? What makes you feel interested in the choice of the topic? The story is about a manager and his employee named Marcus and demonstrates how Marcus is afraid of change.Although Marcus was a very good employee and performs his job in a very satisfactory way, the manager realizes that he does not do well when it comes to applying changes. He would often make excuses just to get out of the situation, and the manager feels that he should do something about it. I chose this particular topic because I believe in the importance of overcoming ones fears, especially in the workplace. Being afraid is a normal clement experience but people should not let this feeling limit them on the things that the should be experiencing because they might be missing out on something great like a

Member of Parliament Essay Example for Free

Member of Parliament Essay charge is to give anformer(a) person billet and responsibility of a certain working class that you would normally do yourself but you equable take accountability for the outcome. In order to delegate effectively you need to send-off decide what toils to delegate. You need to track what you can delegate by making a list of tasks that you do and from this the things that you can give to another(prenominal)s. It is a more cost effective way of giving others responsibility preferably than hiring someone else to do the work. Planning is essential when you are delegating. You need to identify the individuals knowledge on the task, the skills they nonplus to do it efficiently. deliberate them control of the task completely but follow it up regularly by meetings and asking them how it is going, what is going good and what they need help on. Communication between the other person and you has to be very transcend and precise. You should suck their f ull attention. They need to have a clear understanding of what needs to be done and by when. SMART objectives need to be set for them and question the standard that you expect from them. Ask them how they will do it and what help you can give them in the task. Give them reassurance, office, offer them your support and appreciate them. Believe in them. When delegating tasks in that respect are several levels of representation to consider. Everyone is different, not everyone can handle or respond soundly to certain styles. A good managing director knows which level to spend with each appendage of provide when assigning a task. aim 1- this is when the motorbus asks the staff portion to catch into the situation, get all the facts needed and come bottom to him/her. The ratiocination of what to do is do by the theatre director. This type of delegation is usually utilize for new employees who have no exist in the business. It is also used when you cannot physically do it yourself as you are handling quite a some other things at the same time. For example, at SS during a busy patch at lunch time, if there is a customer who comes in who has problems with his glasses. You cannot see him as you are already dealing with two other customers. You ask a portion of staff to check the glasses thoroughly, find out what problem they are having by getting all the facts from the customer. You have delegated this task out to that extremity of staff but you prove the final decision on what should be done. You control the delegation.Level 2- this is when the manager asks the member of staff to look into the situation but also come up with possible resolutions to the problem. For example, in the above example, the managerwould have asked the member of staff to come up with reasons why the customer is having problems and ways to fix the problem. However, the final decision is still made by the manager. The manager still controls the delegation. This level offers opportunities for more instruction, coaching, and development of the employees. It is often used for employees who may be changing companies but staying in the same career, so they are familiar with the task but not with the new employers working style and requirements.Level 3 this is when the manager asks the member of staff to look into the situation and come up with possible solutions. The staff member picks the best solution for the customer but gets the manager to approve before going ahead with it. For example the above mentioned member of staff would have the measurements rechecked by the manager before he remakes the customers glasses. The manager still controls the delegation but it conveys more trust and faith in the chosen employee, it also facilitates training, improves the overall experience and increases educational opportunities for the employee. This is a good happy medium for both new and experienced employees and works well in large workplaces where the tasks must be managed properly for structural purposes.Level 4 this is when the manager asks the member of staff to look into the situation and carry on and finish it till the end of the solution unless he says not to. For example, in the above example, the member of staff would be able to finish it off unless the manager said not to. The staff member controls this type of delegation. It shows a lot of faith and pays a plume to the staff as to their managers level of confidence in their ability to complete the task successfully. It is often left for experienced employees, particularly those who have performed the repeated task successfully in mickle prior. One problem to this approach is it can also be a source of frustration for an employee who is told they have the expertise and capability to do what is requested the way their manager wants it done, but then if they lack the confidence in their manager to follow through or if something goes wrong, then it makes this person almost entirely accountable. This Level requires trust, rapport, confidence and understanding.Level 5 this stage is when the managers asks the staff member to complete the task and to report back to him when it is done and what was done. For example in the above situation, the manager will want to know when the problem is sieve and what the member of staffdid to solve it. The manager doesnt even require a heads-up or check-back before the staff member starts work on the task. Many companies who have experienced staff members use this type of delegation to accomplish more. It can also be beneficial for smaller companies who trust in their employees to help them perform at maximum potential. They control the delegation.Level 6 this is when the manager tells the staff member to take action and follow it up if needed. For example in the above example, the manager gives full authority for that staff member to deal with the customer. He does not get involved at all. This is not solely complete freedo m, but also the ultimate compliment in terms of a managers confidence in the staff members ability to complete a task to the managers complete satisfaction. When it comes to effective delegation, you cannot just order people around. Each individual is different and responds other than to different styles of delegation, criticism and praise. This means in order to be most effective, and get the best results from staff chosen to have tasks and projects delegated to them, employers must be both creative and knowledgeable when it comes to picking the right person for the right kind of delegated assignment.

Socrates and Virtue Essay Example for Free

Socrates and Virtue EssayAt the ances savor of Meno Socrates and Meno are discussing what they think the true definition of rectitude is. They debate over this matter for quite round time and Meno continues to throw definitions, of what he thinks honor is, at Socrates. It seems like every time Meno would come up with what he thought virtue was Socrates would shoot it down. Socrates would not come out and say this is not right, he would merely ask him a series of questions in order for Meno to realize it on his own. One later on another Socrates continues to find problems with Menos reasoning behind his definitions. After the fourth attempt they finally decide they would try to start over with a clean slate in order to find out what virtue truly is. At this point Socrates and Meno accommodate not quite come close to defining virtue they have reasonable made definition in general much to a greater extent clear. Early on the closest that Socrates and Meno come closest, in m y opinion, to defining virtue is when they conclude that virtue is the entrust for good things in order to do good.While there are many people out there who relish good things in order to do detrimental, there are just as many that desire good things in order to do some good. According to my interpretation of the text here, virtue is the desire for good or powerful things in order to do good for others. At the end of this transportation though, Socrates shoots down this idea by asking a series of questions putting Meno in a press out of perplexity and numbness, as Socrates does best (Section 77c ? 80b). Now having g mavin through all of that, Meno asks Socrates, how will know you effectuate virtue if you do not know what it truly is?Socrates whence goes on to tell Meno nigh the deity soul and recollection. This is a belief that your soul is all knowing because it has been through an infinite amount of lives, consuming all kinds of knowledge and information. According to th is, the soul is said to be all knowing. According to this theory, training is just a matter of recalling all the knowledge from previous lives. So if this was true, then we all already have the true definition of virtue within all of us, we just have to ask the right questions in order for us to remember it (Section 80d ?81e). Now in order to prove his point of recollection, Socrates brings over a slave boy and proceeds to ask him a series of questions in order to prove that learning is just a matter of recollection. This goes on for some time until Socrates is satisfied with the slave boy and his so called recollection of knowledge from his souls from previous lives. Socrates says we should continue to pursue knowledge and ask questions until we supposedly recall departed knowledge. Today this theory is viewed as being somewhat far fetched and totally implausible (Sections 83a ?85e).Now concisely after all this takes place they continue to discuss knowledge and virtue, contempla ting the true definition of virtue. Socrates and Meno decide that virtue is something that brush off be beneficial to ones self, which is true. Socrates then talks about all the things that are beneficial to us health, strength, beauty, and wealth. Those are all things which can be very beneficial to everyone or they can have the opponent effect and can be quite detrimental. The outcome of these things is determined by the use of them good or bad.If used correctly then they would benefit us, if used improperly then they would have quite the black eye effect. Wealth would be a good example of this. It can be for the good or the bad that just depends. If you direct things by scholarship then that is how you get something to be beneficial to yourself or others. If you foolishly direct things in your life and are not careful then they become harmful. Socrates says that all activities make by humans depends on the soul itself, and if you are going to do some beneficial then it invo lves wisdom to a certain extent.So if in order to do something beneficial you need wisdom and they defined virtue as being something beneficial, therefore making the valid point that virtue is wisdom, for the nigh(prenominal) part ( Sections 87e ? 89b). Virtue is what you make of it. Yes, to some extent, I agree with Socrates with virtue as wisdom, but that is about as far as you can go with it. Really it is what you are willing to make of it in your own life. There are good types of virtues and then there are harmful types of virtue. Now you cannot unfeignedly say that there are beneficial types of virtue and bad types of virtue.The reason behind this is because, to some people, virtue can be beneficial in a bad way instead of the beneficial that most people first think of. It varies from person to person. There is really no way of putting one basic definition on virtue. Virtue encompasses so many different things, it would be nearly unrealizable for us to slap a definition on it without finding a glitch or something falsely with the definition. There will always be someone there to find a problem with it, because is that not the way our society works?Somebody comes up with one thing, then after a part someone comes up something wrong with that idea and proposes a new, better, and far superior idea. So virtue can be defined in mere generalization, I do believe, rather than throwing some specific definition of virtue out there. It is not possible to put a single definition on virtue. For generalizations sake, I will have to say that virtue is wisdom, but there are so many more things that are included under wisdom, that the possibilities are endless.

What Is a Hero Essay Example for Free

What Is a Hero EssayWhat is a gun for hire? To me a fighter aircraft is not somebody with the ability to fly, run fast, bench over a 1000, study lasers out of their eyes, fart fire balls, pee lava, or control other peoples minds. A hero is just an average serviceman who fights to solve a coarse problem in nowadayss society. A hero is a random citizen that rises to the a occasion and performs an impression of superhero proportions. A hero is somebody as average as you and me that affects a problem and takes it upon themselves to fix it. There argon many examples of heroes in our modern day world. Some heroes are the brave, courageous, and valiant men and women that serve in our military. These are people that are just like you and I. They do not have any extraordinary superpowers withal an unwavering sense of duty towards this country and the people that inhabit it.They travel across oceans and leave their friends and family merchant ship so that they can fight to defen d people that they dont even know and to plug the lifestyle that so many of us take for granted. Some, even make the ultimate sacrifice their lives. other common place to find a hero is in a police officer. These heroes are real similar to a soldier except that they fight their battles in the very streets that we call home and sort of of fighting against other countries they fight against the very people that call this glorious country home. They sit in a smelly car for entire days staking out criminals to secure our welfare and our security.They put their lives on the line to make sure that the scumbags that seek to destroy this country are off the streets. These men (or women) as well as lack superhuman abilities. The only thing that they have is a sense of duty towards their country. The most common place to find a hero is also some of the places that you go to every day. One of these places would be at the grocery store. For example if you witness somebody holding the door for another then praise you have just watched a hero at action.Another common place to watch a hero in action is on a street. If you watch a strapping young man help a helpless elderly women across the street then you have witnessed another act of heroism. Heroes are just common people that have the courage to solve a problem that they see in todays community. Heroes are not rare. They can be found almost over you look. They are at places that you go too every day. Heroes can also be found in places that you do not travel very often. They can be found in the Armed Forces as well in the Police Department. But it does not require acts of epic proportion to make you ahero. Small acts of unnoticed kindness is what I think really makes you a hero.

The Fair Value change with respect to the Financial Crisis Essay Example for Free

The Fair Value change with respect to the monetary Crisis EssayThe world has recognise under the grips of a global monetary crisis. Such events with big accounting and monetary impacts are hardly a(prenominal) and forlorn but when they do come, they land with them uncertainty and pessimism as salubrious as the desire to bring ab unwrap some change so as to curtail much(prenominal) events from taking place in the future.With regards to standard setting, this is cosmos achieved through the debate surrounding fair mensurate reporting. Banks and many other lush fiscal institutions that bore the brunt of the tidal wave of the credit crunch are calling on the Financial Accounting Standards Board to ease their stance in relation to fair value accounting whereas investors and financial analysts are standing forward to block this move. Fair value accounting had been brought into place after more(prenominal) deliberation by standard setters over the years. Its application worl dwide was a reflection of the need for financial statements to reflect the assets held by firm on their balance sheets at prices they could be realized at now in the markets, in a fair deal and an arms length transaction.This was recognized as something that provided a fair outlook of the current financial position of banks and other institutions and was held very closely unemotional by the FASB (Katz 2009). The chairman of the circuit cards adherence to the need for fair value to continue and his refutation of the methodological analysis in a testimony before the US House of Representatives Financial Services Subcommittee in March of 2009 is a strong indicator of where standard setters actually fall in the debate.However, in April of 2009 the board voted to relax the fair value rules under strong political pressure and in an uncharacteristically rapid fashion for a body that is known to engage in long debates and continued discussion before enacting any changes in the accoun ting standards.This change has sparked unique responses from the two sides of the debate. Banks and other financial institutions ca-ca been delight with the measure. They had come out in open resistor to fair value rules following the financial crisis stating that it below the belt influenced their accounts. They argued that the use of the fair value criteria subjected in them show items in their balance sheet as importantly lower value than they would be actually realized at, thereby giving them a relatively staring(a) financial outlook with very pessimistic figures (Katz 2009).The impetus for the move was that if this could be alleviated to some extent, thence banks would be better able to report their true financial situation and reduce some of the write-offs that choose wrecked the industry, thereby even putting them in a better position to issue more loans and perhaps precipitate faster recovery from the crisis. The optimism of the banks with regards to the proposed shif t by the FASB was reflected in the markets as the stocks of major banks such as Citibank and Bank of America went up in the New York Stock Exchange.Investors and financial analysts however have been strongly against the move being put forward by the FASB in April. They argue that fair value accounting results in showing the actual financial health of the financial institution and changing the rules would result in a distorted perspective being put forward to the investors. It is further seen as being a highly transparent view of the financial health as it leads to assets being valued at the amount they could be traded today which is a reflection of the economic times as well as the trend of decision making that has been going on in the industry.Thus after the changes have been brought into place, investor chemical group are showing growing unhappiness at what is viewed as something potentially harmful. They were also wary of the enfolding of political pressure in the move, which i f freely allowed to influence international standard setting would compromise the oneness of the field and harm investor confidence as well.The FASB did come out in support of the investor though by additionally requiring more disclosure of the methodology employed by firm for valuation after the FASB allowed them signifi nookietly more room for judgment regarding it through relaxation of the rules. It further did not allow the financial institutions to contribute the changes retrospectively which would have altered their 2008 statements as well. It also restricted the application of some proposed changes such as those relating to valuing impaired securities by keeping it only for debt securities.FASBs shift has been in a manner that can be considered characteristically different from its formal procedure. The world of standard setting has been slow with prolonged discussions before any changes are brought forward. With regards to the current change, it was made considerably rapi dly by bringing in remarks for discussion, move a review of one day and then handing out the proposed changes which is a testament to the tricky financial times and political pressure.The shift that was brought about included allowing the firms considerable room for judgment with regards to gauging prices of some of their investments correspond on the financial statement as well as those for mortgage backed securities (Katz 2009). This did meet with opposition from other bodies such as the CFA Institute and investors groups, the former arguing that such arbitrary changes damage their credibility while the latter is in woe of the difficulties investors will face now.They have even gone out to condemn to some extent the U-turn taken by the chairman of the FASB whereby he shunned the changes proposed to fair value methodology in front of congressional subcommittee but then agreed to put in place the like measures hardly a month later.Thus it can be seen that the current financial c risis has altered the counsel standard setting in accounting has taken. It can be said that this is a fairly modify trend. While it whitethorn result in short term gains for fighting the financial crisis and help prop up up loans and lending, it could be damaging in the long run as political pressures and advocacy groups may damage the credibility and transparency of standard setting and financial statements presentation. It could also be adverse for the investor who may not trust the standards as providing fair information and affect their behavior. Furthermore, the integrity of the institute may well have been compromised in this case by the u-turns being adopted by the chairman of the FASB.BibliographyKatz, Ian (2009, April 2). FASB Eases Fair-Value Rules Amid Lawmaker Pressure. Retrieved June 17, 2009, from Bloomberg entanglement site http//www.bloomberg.com

Substance abuse trends US Essay Example for Free

Substance horror trends US Essay medicate trends have changed over many familys and invigorated doses argon etern everyy evolving. It is difficult for enforcement agencies to keep up with the impudent drugs and the form they are used. Drugs include methqualonein the 1970s then in the 1980s fluniyrazepam and more(prenominal) recently oxycodone hydrochloride. (Kozel, N. Sloboda, Z. 2003) The use of sightnabis, methamphetamine and heroin has observed an upward trend. . (Kozel, N. Sloboda, Z. 2003) One of the new methods of delivery was by filling cigars with cannabis were observed by African American teenagers in the 1990s and its use has spread. It was usual to have a malt liquor with them and it was called a blunt and is observed in many movies as well. . (Kozel, N. Sloboda, Z. 2003) Columbian heroin was gaining everydayity as it was stronger then that from Asia and could be snorted. Marijuana was the most popular by far and crack cocaine became popular because it doesnt require to be injected and so slight(prenominal) risk of acquiring HIV. (CBS news 2007)However injecting crack cocaine by mixing it with vinegar or lemon juice was observed. . (Kozel, N. Sloboda, Z. 003) In 2007 Cocaine and methamphetamine use among young adults declined significantly last year as supplies dried up, leading to high prices and reduced purity, and the government compensates. Overall use of unlawful drugs showed superficial change. (Freking, K. 2008) The higher user of drugs in Hispanics and Poet Ricans. (Valdez, A. 2005) It is also more normal amongst males in these groups who see it as macho or manly amongst Hispanics and a part of their identity . Also these groups face a lot of problems and poverty. in that respect is higher unemployment and low emphasis on education. Access to health is limited. Hispanics have a cholo identity which is driveway based identity with a street based social network. This is often through generations and the most common drug abus ed is Heroin. (Valdez, A. 2005) Cholo Identity which was an oppositional culture in these communities that developed a distinct language patterns, vogue of dress, tattoos, car culture, music.Sometimes referred to as a pachuco lifestyle (e. g. oot suit 1940s) (Valdez, A. 2005) Drug use is a agent to act out macho values or risk taking, excess, to demonstrate socially valued mood and craziness. Hypermasculinity in its exaggerated form includes fighting, daring deeds, seducing women, asserting independence from women, etc. (Valdez, A. 2005) there has been a using of these groups and arrests due to drug laws have targeted Hispanics making a lot of them beyond the reach of organisations willing to help. most one in five adults in the U.S acknowledge the use of drugs Drug use in the 50-59 age group increased as more baby boomers join the category . (CBS,2007) In Mexican culture, men often feel honour and pride when they are the protectors of their families. These traditional attitudes are influenced by the Catholic faith and the importance of family in the Mexican culture. Yet, embracing these traditional attitudes may lead to a great risk for problems such as depression, substance abuse, violence and reluctance to seek psychological assistance. (Nauert, R. 2008)The use of drugs in school age children is an increasing problem . here is it leading to serious damage. (Califano, J. 2007) According to the National initiate on Drug Abuses 2002 monitoring the Future Study, 53% of high school seniors reported using an illicit drug at least once in their lives, 41% indoors the past year, and 25. 4% within the past month (Drug data summary 2003) .A lot of criminals are on drugs and acquiring in 2000, Americans spent an estimated $36 billion on cocaine, $11 billion on marijuana, $10 billion on heroin, $5. billion on methamphetamine, and $2. 4 billion on another(prenominal) dirty substances (Drug data summary 2003) Drug related crime can be due to its use or selling a nd acquiring drugs. Drugs interpolate individual behaviour and can generate violence and illegal activity. In 2006 5. 3percent of homicides were drug related. In the 2004 watch of Inmates in State and Federal Correctional Facilities, 32% of state prisoners and 26% of federal prisoners said they had commit their current offence while under the influence of drugs.Among state prisoners, drug offenders (44%) and property offenders (39%) reported the highest incidence of drug use at the time of the offence. Among federal prisoners, drug offenders (32%) and violent offenders (24%) were the most likely to report drug use at the time of their crimes. (BJS, 2006) It can be seen that the cost to the federation can be immense. From small robberies to the fear of gangs and gun crime to murders. It is hard to say the total impact to a society in the form of lost labour . there is the spread of HIV, HBV and HCV which are hard to cure and can be transferred to families.The costs in terms of he alth and financing healthcare for these diseases can be highly expensive and emotionally difficult as often these diseases are terminal. It is a high price to requital for the occasional thrill that some drug abusers seek. Dealing with the problem has always been difficult as new drugs emerge and drugs become cheaper to have wider appeal. Also the culture of night clubs and alcohol has seen a college and university students embrace drugs without much thought as to the consequences.Drinks get spiked in clubs and often result in sexual development of young women . Arrests and drug laws to prevent drugs being freely available may increase the availability on the black market but this results in supplies being unsafe and even further danger to drug users. Education in schools and at risk communities doesnt often create the impact it should. For example in the Hispanic groups where a lot of arrests on drug laws were targeted often dont want to swan authorities who are trying to tackl e this problem.In conclusion the costs to any society are high and drug use is increasingly a problem of developed countries according to the WHO. Legal and illegal use of drugs was most strongly associated with age, sex, and income. Higher income was associated with a greater likelihood of drug use for all drug types examined, which is perhaps not surprising given that drug use requires disposable income. Relationship post was linked to illegal (but not legal) drug use both cocaine and cannabis use were more likely among persons who had never been married or previously been married.These associations remained statistically robust after adjustment for age, sex, and the other variables considered here. The US, which has been driving much of the worlds drug research and drug policy agenda, stands out with higher levels of use of alcohol, cocaine, and cannabis, in spite of punitive illegal drug policies, as well as (in many US states), a higher minimum legal alcohol drinking age than many comparable developed countries. The Netherlands, with a less criminally punitive approach to cannabis use than the US, has experienced lower levels of use, particularly among younger adults.

Product life cycle Essay Example for Free

Product life cycle EssayIdentify and treasure the relevance of the product life cycle to the notion of employee engagement. Employee engagement butt be viewed done the iv stages of the product life-cycleStep one is the introduction of the concept of employee engagement, its principles, strategy for enhancing engagement and involving employees, process of change to witness engagement is fully embedded into the organic law. Step two is growth and growing the concept of engagement through a number of mechanisms * Support from senior and line managers* Development of line managers in engaging staff * Clear communication and take inment strategy * Involving staff in organisational and chisel design * Encouraging egotism and career development planning * Identifying mechanisms for continuous staff feedback * Evaluating and adapting engagement strategies. Step three is reaching due date and embedding and maintaining the above factors through continuous involvement, participa tion, communication, rating and action And finally, step 4 is the inevitable decline, even though there is a decline it is still important to retain key employees, and their skills and knowledge, and therefore to continuously involve them in managing the change and upcoming strategy.The employee engagement life cycle is an important tool for HR professionals to using up to assess how the engagement product fits with the line of merchandises objectives and strategy.Evaluate the future for employee engagement in the UK and global economic context.Future action plans include * Involving workers in identifying factors that will engage them further * Consideration of the demographic data and identification how to engage staff from all backgrounds at different levels * Further evaluation of the unify between engagement practices and performance * Development of managers that can motivate and inspire staffMonster (2011) the online job advertising website conducted an international su rvey on employees views of their line managers and uncovered the following results * Only 10% depict their manager as brilliant* 73% feels their manager does not invest in their self-development * 70% regard that they could do their managers job to a higher standard * 41% of UK workers felt their managers were alone incompetentLine managers are pivotal to enhancing engagement through empowering, motivating, inspiring, coaching and helping the employee develop themselves to arouse performance. Key areas where managers require further development include * Responding to grievances and confronting issues* Empowering and involving workers on decisions that impact on them * Treating all police squad members equitably and with respect and providing constructive feedback * Recognising and appreciating efforts (particularly discretionary effort) * Being driven to deliver on commitments and promises made.Assess the future role of the HR professional and the HR function so far as the sus tainable execution of instrument of employee engagement practices is concerned.In order for HR to become more strategic, they need to ensure the HR strategies and the business strategies are aligned and both contribute to the overall business aim and objectives. If this is achieved then HR can be a driving force for creating an organisational strategy for competitive advantage.HR practitioners can determine organisation capability and engagement levels to flexibly adapt to changing environmental and customer needs through an evaluation of the current resources in terms of skills, knowledge and behaviours and organisation design and development.Once the HR practitioner is vertically integrated within the business, they will be able to take advantage of future opportunities by congruous a key player in the strategic decision making process through providing long knowledge in terms of organisational capability in taking the opportunity to grow into new markets, or determining future strategies and actions required.

Reflective Statement The Great Gatsby Essay Example for Free

Reflective Statement The Great Gatsby auditionThe Great Gatsby is a novel written by F. Scott Fitzgerald. It is said to be one of the greatest American novels of the last century, not only for its tale of hope and disillusion, but also for the way it depicted the spirit of the 1920s.The information from the presentations made me realize that the characters in the story werent just any upperclass they were the accessible and cultural upperclass of the world. The presentations also made me develop my understanding of the background of their arrogant and lavish behavior. They were born into the onetime(a) elite and were stupendously rich in the wealthiest country in the world. They lived extravagant lives in a passing(prenominal) post-war time with mass media covering their lives in the tabloids. Another factor that contributed to this feeling of beingness superior mustiness have been the lack of authorities and strong politicians. As the economy ran itself and the politicia ns were incompetent, the cultural elite were literally on top of the world. They distanced themselves from institutions and history and lived their lives in a social bubble, respecting only those who were a part of their class.The dream of being famous and glamourous bloomed in the 1920s and was distributed to the public through the mass media. The dream was available for everyone, and hatful strived to become a part of the cultural elite. The main characters in The Great Gatsby were already there, as a natural part of the scene. They lived luxurious and careless lives, following the latest trends, listening to the new music and attend extravagant parties.From the presentations I also learned about modernist literature. A significant trait of this genre is the hold out with traditions and the search for an absolute truth and a meaning of life elsewhere. The upperclass seemed to have lost their meaning in life in their extravagant lifestyle. Previously I had not given the social c ontext besides much thought, and without the information from the presentations, I may would just have seen the tragic love story of the book, and not how the book is a picture of and a comment to the 1920s life.

Nursing Theorist Grid Essay Example for Free

nursing Theorist Grid EssayMadeleine Leiningers theory is call The Theory of tillage C be Diversity and Universality. Because Leininger had degrees in nursing and anthropology, her theory had a combination of derivatives of both disciplines (Bibb, 2006). While works as a nurse in the 1950s, Leininger became disturbed by nurses who could not understand nor respect the socialisation variations. She then set out to bridge the intimacy gap between nursing and cultures.Leininger became the authority on cultural diversity in wellnesscare. The key points of her theory include honoring a state of holistic well-being that is culturally defined, valued, and practical. Cultures include technology, religion, philosophy, kinships, socioeconomics, politics, and raising.TermDefinitionApplied to Nursing PracticeApplied to Nursing EducationApplied to Nursing look intoPersonCulture-dependent and holistic and sometimes includes families, groups, and communities Nurses can establish personali sed care plans and care by respecting and honoring the diversity of the patients. Nurses are continually educated on transcultural nursing. In nursing school and in the workplace, cultural diversity is taught. Continued research to increase the k right awayledge of the nurses to assess the person in different cultures.HealthA state of well-being that is culturally defined, valued, and good After appropriate nursing education has been done, nurses have to assess and respect the individuals decisions on health. Everyone will not accept smoke cessation and weight loss as a instigate of health. As we learn cultural healthpreferences, it is imperative that nurses pass this information on to other nurses. Employee in-services are big to pass on these diversities. Continued research to increase the knowledge of the nurses to assess the idea of health in different cultures.NursingA transcultural, humanistic, and scientific care discipline and profession with the central resolve to serve humans worldwide Care is still essential in the nursing process. Care is now individualized and culturally congruent by respecting preferences of diverse cultures. We continue to learn through formal education and staff development how to care for persons of different cultures. We honor the research on different groups. This is also employ to educate nurses on cultural diversity.EnvironmentA combination of physical, ecological, socioeconomical, and cultural settings. We learn to respect a persons space even if it is very different from what we are accustomed to. Especially important in home health settings. Be careful of facial grimaces and nonverbal actions. Important to learn and acquire others that our impression of a livable and decent environment are not the same as others. Research empowers and teaches nurses how to respect and interact in the patients personal environment. From the old adage, When in Rome, do what the Romans do. Research helps to lose it what the Romans a ctually do.Bibb, S. C. G. (2006). Leiningers theory of culture care diversity and universality. New York Springer Publishing Company.

Individual Assignment Business Organizations Essay Example for Free

Individual Assignment Business Organizations EssayReflective do is a demeanor of studying your own experiences to advance the way you work. It is linked with the concept of learning from experience, in that you entail about what you did and what happened, and decide what you would do differently next time. Reflective practice will make you mend the quality of service you deliver. It will ensure that the service providers are always getting the best executable service that they require because by using reflective practice you are always looking for things to improve on and see if you could do anything differently the next time round. Standards such as essential standards ordain us how we should be working.We can use them to intend about the way in which we work and gradation ourselves against them. As everyone has different values and beliefs, it is weighty that we treat everyone the selfsame(prenominal) no matter what their beliefs are. We should provide the same sup port for everybody, If we do not work this way then we will fail to perform the standards of the codes of practice set out by the regulating bodies. Outcome 22.1Everybody reacts differently to feedback whether it be positive or negative. I value any kind of feedback given to me, positive or negative because it is a steady-going way of trying to better yourself. Some people may take negative feedback personally and think that they are being criticised. 2.2 It is important to seek feedback from people as you will know if you are working in the correct way. If you get negative feedback you will then know what you need to improve on for the better and positive feedback you know you can carry on the good work that you are doing. 2.3 It is important to listen to the feedback you get and use it whether it is positive or negative so that you can improve the way that you work and your quality of work.

Occupational Science And Occupational Therapy

Occupational learning And Occupational TherapyThis assignment is aimed at establishing logical argument as the link mingled with wrinkleal intelligence (academic discipline) and transactional therapy (a profession) (Cohn 2003). Both occupational intelligence and occupational therapy has a passion to solve per work onance problem or occupational dysfunction by applying occupation as a tool. Hence the complexity of occupation requires activities abstract as a action for finding and adjusting an occupation to achieve some therapeutic benefit or allow a soulfulness to engaged in a former or forward-looking occupational role. (Dun end, 2009. p.91)Occupational science (OS) was first mooted by the National Society for the promotion of occupational Therapy in 1917 in the USA (Wilcock 2001,2003, Larson et al 2003). The primary objectives of that organisation, which later became the America Occupational Therapy Association, anticipated that it should focus on the study of occupatio n as a therapeutic measure, the study of the effects of occupation upon human world, and the propagation of scientific noesis of this submit (Dunton et al 1917 as cited in Wilocock 2003,p.164). As the profession grew, scarcely the therapeutic mathematical function of occupation attracted much attention (Wilcock, 2001). Occupational science was formally founded in 1989 when the university of south Californias (USC) doctoral program was launched (Zemke, 1996). This was champion by Yerxa et al (1989,p.6) and she described Occupational science as the study of the human as an occupational creation, with the pack for, and competence to engage in and coordinate daily occupations in the environment all over the animatenessspan. Yerxa et al (1989), Occupations atomic number 18 defined in the science as chunks of daily activity that can be named in the glossary of the nuance (Clark, 1991)Occupational science and occupational therapy be intimately related, and that in circumstance the former emerged from the latter. (Duncan 2009,p.300) Occupational science was seen as a basic science, that is, one which dealt with widespread issues roughly occupation without concern for their instant application (Yerxa et al 1989, p.4) occupational therapy on the other hand, was seen as universe upturned with the application of know leadge about occupation for therapeutic ends (Clark et al, 1991)Occupation is equally the fundamental focus of occupational therapy practice and the unit of analysis considered in occupational science (Cohn, 2003). Occupational science generates knowledge about the rich variety of human occupation and the socio-cultural, political, economic, environmental, biological and other conditions to sustain healthy, fulfilling, meaty occupation for person and communities in different world circumstances. There are some reservations whether or not the basic science of occupation is essential at all given that an abundance of knowledge about occupation exists in other discipline (kielhofner, 2002). What is obvious, though, is that whilst other fields whitethorn tackle issues, which might usefully inform an perceptiveness of occupation, these fields do not use the idea of occupation as the center of inquiry (Clark et al 1993, Polatajko 2004). This guarantee that any knowledge generated not only tackles the concern of healers but also has clear rush on how that knowledge can be use in practice (kielhofner 1997,2002 Taylor et al 2002).Occupational science squeeze on therapist to reflect on their practice and resolve its congruence with the philosophy and ascent facts base of an occupational perception. (Duncan 2009)There are concerns that occupational science overlaps with other disciplines and is therefore not adequately ridiculous to validate its institution as a scholarly discipline. Nevertheless, it is examination that occupational science, because of its sole subject matter and emphasis, constitutes a conceptually distinc t field of inquiry(Clark et al. 1991,p.304). Traditionally, the social sciences established their unusualness not by their formal description but by their emphases and traditions. The unique traditional base of occupational science lies in the practice of occupation therapy, with its concern with the adaptation, by room of elaborateness in occupation, of person with disabilities. (Clark et al. 1991.p30)It has been recommended that one of this new field will force occupation on occupational therapists to re-engage with there philosophy and revisit occupation as the core of occupational therapy (Molineux, 2000), since the centre of Occupational science is human as occupational being (Yerxa et al., 1989 wilcock, 1993)However, another school of taught define occupational science as an academic discipline, the reason of which is to generate knowledge about form, the function and the meaning of human occupation. (Zemke, 1996). Occupational Science focuses onForm, which is the directly observable font of occupation. The objective set of physical and socio-cultural situation, external to the individual at a special(prenominal) time. Though, occupational form guides, structures, or suggests what is to be done by the individual. In completing the form imitate on what happens lav the scenes and recognize the association between doing being. (Hersch et al, 2005 p36). In a study of preschoolers receiving occupational therapy, Case -Smith (2000) found that the occupation of play fostered the development of visual and fine -motor skills suggesting occupation-based interventions distorted component skills. In contrast, a Meta -analysis study of occupational form found out that, in contrast to less enriched forms, enriched occupational forms moderately enhanced executing outcomes, especially in the area of movement kinematics (Cohn, 2003).The function of occupation refers to the way occupation solves health, adaptation, development and timberland of life, the purpose or intended outcome when participating in occupation(Larson et al, 2003). Occupational scientists could study how being fed versus being helped to feed oneself to the maximum extent possible affects the physical health and life joy of residents of health manage institutions. (Cohn, 2003).Meaning in occupational science refers to therefers reentire interpretive knowledge engaged in by an person encountering an occupational form. The personal experience of engagement in occupations(Larson et al 2003). People instill occupations with personal meaning or value. Further more, occupations are metaphorically constituted in a culture and interpreted in mount of persons life stories. For example, a dining event with a new booster station may be seen as essential in influential ones future, resulting in a romance or even marriage.The attempt to occupational diagnosis begins with the identification of activity limitations or participation restrictions. (Molineux, 2009). Whether physical or mental in nature, the behaviours necessary for completion of tasks in daily occupations can be analysed according to limited components related to moving, perceiving, thinking feeling (Hersch et al 2005). Hence, it is consonant with the top-down approach to the occupational therapy process (Trombly, 1993). Impairments, negatively influencing achievement, are then identified through Task analysis. Task analysis examining an activity to identify the chronological sequence of steps or tasks that constitute the activity. Each task may be analysed into a further serial of sub-tasks. (Creek, 2003) Subsequently, they are evaluated in detail through additional targeted observations or specific evil tests, such(prenominal) as goniometry for range of movement and screening test for depress. Then, attention is directed to potential environmental factors restricting performance. by means of it the process, clients collaborate (client centeredness) with the parishioners to develop an understanding of problems in relation to clients situation and to prioritise the relative greatness of problems. . (Molineux, 2009).The top-down approach differs from the approach in putting the initial emphasis on occupation. In the bottom-up approach, the practitioner begins the evaluation of occupational performance by exploring impairments. For example, knowing that a client has rheumatoid arthritis, the evaluation may begin with measures of pinch strength, 1.5 pounds of pinch on the right (dominant) and 5 pounds on the left, the practitioner might gauge that the client is unable to proper meals callable to the in adequate pinch strength. This is a weak symptomatic press outment because it is based on prediction or inference about prefromance supported by impairment testing but not activity analysis. (Molineux, 2009).The technical skills of the therapist involve competence in the administering diagnostic procedures and tests client data are gathered through the sense (visi on hearing touch smell smell and kinaesthesia) aided by structured and unstructured interviews, observations, and tests. A completed activity analysis results in a change of some kind, either something has been added to or subtracted from the environment, or altered within it, or something has changed in the subjective experience of the participant. (Hagedorn 2000 p27). Occupational science acknowledges that occupation is contingent upon the environmental context. The study of human occupation must consider the dynamic relationship between the choices people make for action and the various environment al forces that facilitate or impinge upon those choices, the capacity of human to transform their environments to meet their needs though and for engagement in occupation is central to this science (Jackson, 1998)Occupational therapists believe in occupation for health We are concerned with individuals quality of life in terms of how they engage in satisfactory and meaningful occupat ions. We fool a deep appreciation of the occupational nature of humans, of the relationship between health and occupation, and how occupations can influence health (Wilcock, 1999 cited in Finlay, 2004.p.3). Occupation therapist focuses on occupational performance. The active doing of the person in the context of the occupational form, after the person interprets the occupational form and wants to do something about it, the persons voluntary doing is the occupational performance, (Nelson and Jepson-Thomas 2003 p.111) performance is the outward expression of skills (Creek 2002, p276). We are centrally concerned with how individual function in their work, leisure, domestic life and personal self-care, a healthily person is one who is able to perform his or her daily occupations to a matching (for that person) and effective level. A persons occupational performance may fountainhead be disrupted or impaired when he or she becomes ill or disabled in some way. we have unique ability to a ssess occupational performance and to use occupations to improve or maintain that performance . (Finlay, 2004.p.4 ,,,) implicit in(p) body functions and structures have potential to influence occupational performance (Crepeau et al 2003) help shape a persons identity effect individuals choice and subjective experience of occupations and persistence in sustaining occupational behaviour.Occupational therapist view service user holistically as unique individuals (the person) who have particular life experiences, interests, needs, skills, problems and motivations arising out of their particular social and cultural background? Occupational therapy concerned with the individual as a skilled and sufficient performer of a range of roles and occupations appropriate to his age, environment and culture. Each process contributes in some way to the attainment and retention of skilled performance (Haledon 2000). We aimed to view and treat individual as complex solid being rather than seeing th eir problems in isolation. We try to attend to emotional, cognitive, physical and social dimensions, in the context of the persons life style. (Finlay, 2004)Occupational therapists value the therapeutic potential and purposeful meaning- full activities to promote health and tumesce being. Thus, occupational therapist is premised on the idea that purposeful activity can be therapeutic and can be used to improve individual functioning when used in a way that is meaningful top that person. One of the core skills is being able to apply activity in the treatment process. This process values the inseparable properties of activities, the experience of doing and the end product. We employ two main types of therapeutic activities activities of daily alive (such as cooking and therapy activities) such as group work). Treatment often involves grading and adapting these actives in their inherent properties (Findlay, 2004)Study from out side occupational therapy and occupational science is de monstrating the occupational nature of humans and the impact of occupation on health. For example, the Health walks Research and development Unit (2000) at Oxford Brookes University has been investigating the health benefits of led walks in the countryside. The original walk project was investigated by a general practitioner zand seen then has been positive and scrutinized. Researcher in the unit have found that in addition to the obvious impact on physical fitness, participants also reap benefits due to the social aspect of the walks, and this is consistent with the multidimensional nature of occupation. (Yerxa et al., 1989). modern research, particularly in the field of occupational science, has demonstrated the link between occupation and health/ hygienic being. For instance, in a review of literature on occupation and mental health in care homes for older people, Mozley (2001) provides evidence that opportunities for occupation and pleasure in homes contribute not only to mood state but also to actual survival rates.Wilcocks (1998) influential work on occupation for health stresses the importance of being in turn with our occupational nature in terms of the dynamic balance of doing, being and becoming. She shows how being arises from doing and becoming is dependent on doing and being. She argue how we are more susceptible to illness as a result of continuing occupational injustice, deprivation, delirium or balance (wilcock, 1999,p.195.)Wilcock (2001) identified 3 occupational problems that can compromise healthOccupational Imbalance, Occupational deprivation, Occupational alienationOccupational Imbalance has been proposed in the literature to refer to the loss of a balance of engagement in occupation which leads to ell-being, and might accept balance between physical mental and social occupations between chosen and obligatory occupations or between doing and being (wilcock, 1998).Occupational deprivation has been defined as the deprivation of occupation al choice and diversity due to circumstances beyond the control of the individual (wilcock, 1998, p.257). These could be as a result of poverty, lack of avocation opportunities, illness health/disability, discrimination, abuse, being a prisoner or war refugee, and so on. (Whiteford, 2000).Occupation alienation refers to the subjective experiences of isolation powerlessness, frustration, loss of control, estrangement from the society or self which results from engagement in occupations which fails to satisfy the inner needs of the available to patients.Specially, occupational scientist should consider placing occupation at the centre of their analysis would need to recognised the importance of an individual occupations and the symbolic meaning attributed to those occupations. This ensure that any knowledge generated not only addresses the concern of the petitioners but also has clear guidance on how that knowledge can be used in practice (kielhofner 1997,2002). This approach can be contrasted with occupational science, which informs proactive but may not necessarily provide specific tools or methods to be utilised by occupational therapists (molineux 2001),In doing so, philosophic explanation to support treatment was developed along with the concomitant principles and practices that would guide that treatment as well as outline the knowledge and skills that would be needed by those who provided it to patients. (Kramer 2003)The lack of a science unique to occupation or theories of practice, or research that proved the efficacy of practice, deeply hampered therapists efforts to establish credibility in all areas of practices. The richness and complexity of occupation is not evident if one cannot articulate the underling principle and its basis in a recognisable science (Kramer 2003)ConclusionThe basic philosophical tenets of occupational therapy delay to have an enduring presence in todays world of human health and illness. Occupation and related concepts suc h as interests and individual preferences, the importance of the environment in stimulating and supporting activity, and the fit of the activity to the person- address to be applicable to people who have problems related to disability, disease, or other chronic debilitating conditions. As a field devoted to the study of occupation, occupational therapists and occupational scientist have remained committed to the founding principle. These principles are embedded in recognition of the potency of occupation as a catalyst for health.