Pre Writing Skills

PRE WRITING TECHNIQUES Pre composition is the first stage of the writing process, typic e precisey followed by drafting, revision, editing and publishing. Elements of prewriting may include meanning, research, outlining, diagramming, storyboarding or clustering etc. Prewriting is meaning(a) because it helps you generate ideas for writing. Some of the prewriting proficiencys are 1. Outlining 2. Free Writing 3. intellection maps 4. Cubing 5. tell Questioning 6. Note making and posting taking 7. Brain storming 8. foregather 9. Charting 10. S do-nothingningThe detail of each skill along with its examples is given below. 1. Outlining An portray is a document that briefly summarizes the information that ordain be included in a written report, book, speech, or similar document. It shows the order in which the information every(prenominal)owing be presented and indicates the relationship of the pieces of information to each other. By making an outline of the document which we b egin to compile gives us inside of our document. Examples 1. Suppose a general situation in which a somebody is given to write an article on a general field of study, what should he do later selecting his topic?Of course he will begin to collect entropy for his article, now while collecting data, as he read with books and articles, he will create an powerfulness card. From each source the collected information will be put in an index card. That index card will be his outline of that article and that process which he has adopted is outlining. 2. Consider another situation in which you are take inful to write an essay on your favorite soulfulnessality (say Quaid-e-Azam). You will reap an outline for the material you emergency to include in the essay. E. g. Birth, early education, higher(prenominal) education, interests, works, death etc. . Free Writing A strategy intentional to free ideas from your subconscious mind and gets them down on paper. This considerate of writin g is free in another sense you dont need to worry almost punctuation, correct grammar usage, etc. Your main objective is to write for a preserve period of time (ten to fifteen minutes) without stopping. In this you are free to lease mistakes and write whatever you want. Examples 1. Suppose you are a student and your professor has just given you an assignment. You are required to write a paper to the highest degree a specific topic, or to place up with a topic of your own.You begin to panic. Where do I start? you may adopt yourself. How do I begin? There is just no need to be worried. Take your pen and start writing each and everything associate to that topic. Once you overhear d bingle this, now just organize the things and note them neatly. 2. Suppose you are an Electrical engineer and you work in an potency and your BOSS has assigned you a task to estimate budget plan of constructing a building. Obviously it is not your job plainly order is order. As it is not your jo b, you dont need to be panic and you bed write anything that comes in your mind about the assigned task. . Thinking Maps Thinking maps are powerful tools to help you gather ideas and arrange information as you prepare to write for any occasion and purpose. It shows you how the parts of a eccentric are assortd. Once a person understands the essentials, thinking maps enkindle be like completing a puzzle which is interesting. Examples 1. 2. Condensation Precipitation vaporization Water vapor, a gas returns to liquid state Liquid piddle system falls as rain, sleet, hail, or snow Liquid water becomes water vapours, a gas 4. Cubing Cubing is the art of explaining any topic from different perspectives.Cubing is an sensitive tool for rapidly exploring a topic. It reveals quickly what you know and what you dont know, and it may warning signal you to decide to narrow or expand your topic. These perspectives may include 1. Describing to others. 2. empennagevass with others. 3. Associ ating with others. 4. Analyzing it. 5. Its applications and usage. 6. Argue for or against it. Examples 1. If you produce a cosmetic item, you share your merchandise with others, compare it with other cosmetic items, relate it to a levelheaded type item, analyze it either it is costly or not, tell its benefits and at go away give arguments in its favor. . If you are a mobile phone dealer, you go to different shops and tell them you sell Nokia or Samsung phones, you compare your items with other mobiles, relate your links that you are trustworthy dealer, you discuss its financial aspects and try to prevail on _or_ upon shop keeper to buy mobiles from you. Cubing helps you to write all this procedure in a good way. 5. Directed Questioning This technique works when you have a topic of your interest but you are not sealed what and how to write it. It this kind of situation, you dont need to expand your thoughts, sort of you have to limit your ideas to the insinuate.Also when you question yourself about the topic you are spill to write, this mechanism of questioning makes it easier to write about the topic. Examples 1. If you are asked to write about educational services of Sir Sayad Ahmad Khan, you can discuss historic background of Sir Sayad but your focus should be educational services, and not the other aspects because it is not demand to include all the things. 2. If you are given any foresee, you select it and then questions can make it easy to write about ite. g. why you are interesting in this project?How you got this idea? What are merits of it? What are demerits of it (if any)? Is this project financially supportive? etc. 6. Note making and Note taking The storing capacities of human memory are limited. It is useful, therefore, to know how to efficiently make notes of what one wants to opine. Note taking is a technique which is used when a person is reading or hearing something for the first time and he is laborious to jot down the key infor mation so he can use it later. Note making is when you return to those notes and make notes on them.This meaning you just go through notes, put things into your own words or summarize them and highlight key points. This technique is useful while assemblage information for a respective article from books and lectures etc. Examples 1. This technique is useful when you are going to study a language other than you cause tongue. Because it is not easy to remember a lot of knowledge and dictionary of the secondary language in one attempt. So there will be a need to read it again to learn and remember more about new language. 2. If you are attending a skilful lecture (e. g. elated to some machine or something else), it is a good practice to make lecture notes because you might need them to make universal understanding of the topic. 7. Brainstorming It means thinking of as many ideas as possible in a short amount of time. Brainstorming involves capturing all of the thoughts, ideas, a nd fragments in your head and writing them down on paper. Brainstorming is an cosy way of generating topics to write about, or points to make about your topic. The important point about brainstorming is that there should be no pressure to be excellent. You should simply open their minds to whatever comes into them.Think of it as a kind of free association. When someone say literacy what pops into our mind? Most of us will come up with more useless ideas, but thats okay. Examples 1. If a person has a lot of money, he thinks what he can do with it. He can visit other countries, can give donations to charity, he can buy books and as well he can give scholarships with this money. This is brainstorming because all these ideas come in a persons mind n a short time duration. 2. If you are asked to write some unforgettable experiences of your life, your mind just click and many such moments will come in your mind.This is also brainstorming. 8. Clustering Clustering is a non-linear brains torming technique whose results yield a visual representation of subject and organization. Clustering is a generative tool that helps us to connect thoughts, feelings, and ideas not connected before. It allows us to loosely structure ideas as they occur in a do work that allows for the further generation of ideas. It taps our associative powers in a self-organizing process, supporting(a) us to create personally meaningful patterns. Examples 1. What else caused the War? Was slavery truly the main issue?Civil War Main Events Outcomes Causes People of worry Slavery Pres Emancipation Poverty Gettysburg ? Atlanta Mobile phone 2. holler calls, messaging Cost and comparison Media player specifications 9. Charting Sometimes you will want to organize your ideas in the form of a chart. This technique works very well for comparison or contrast writing or examining advantages and disadvantages ( that is also a comparison). You can make many kind of charts depending on your topic and also t he king of writing you are doing. Examples 1. 2. City villageAdvantages more(prenominal) Job, health, education and transport facilities Less job, health, education and transport facilities Disadvantages Noise, air, water taint Calm atmosphere, pure vegetables, no noise 10. Scanning Scanning involves a process of quickly searching reading materials in order to posit specific bits of information. When scanning you dont start from the beginning and read to the end. Instead, what you do is terpsichore around in the text, trying to find the information you need. Scanning can help you locate specific pieces of information and gain an overview of the main points in an article or text.Examples 1. Suppose you are searching the meaning of a word in dictionary. Easy way to do this is that you first olfactory property the first alphabet, then second and so on until you reach the coveted word. It is easier than starting from the first word of the dictionary to look the meaning. 2. Whi le looking for a number in a telephone book, you simply skim to the starting word of the name or other information know to you. This saves time. In this way Scanning involves moving ones look quickly down the page seeking specific words and phrases.